1. Global History Scholars 85% Regents Performance Mrs. Rowett’s Scholar’s

2. Today’s Agenda 1. Vocabulary Review 2. Review Neolithic Revolution 3. Thematic Review * Change and Turning Points * Change and Turning Points * The French Revolution * The French Revolution * The Commercial Revolution * The Commercial Revolution

3. 9 Key Vocabulary words  Capitalism  Communism  Coup d’etat  Cultural Diffusion  Culture  Czar  Decolonization  Enlightenment  Revolution

4. Capitalism  an economic system in which the means of production are predominantly privately owned and operated for profit  Money mediates the distribution and exchange of goods, services,...

5. Containment  Policy designed to prevent the spread of communism  What is communism?  Communism is an ideology that seeks to establish a classless, social organization, based upon common ownership of the means of production and the absence of private property.  Key People –Karl Marx –Vladimir Lenin –Trotsky

6. Coup d’ etat  Swift overthrow of government  Examples –Haiti (Overture ) –France (The Reign of Terror) –Cuba (Castro)

7. Cultural Diffusion  Spread of ideas between cultures Culture  A peoples way of life

8. Decolonization  The process of European colonies in Africa and Asia becoming independent after WWII Czar Czar  Title of a Russian Ruler

9. The Enlightenment  a philosophical movement of the 18th century, characterized by belief in the power of human reason and by innovations in political, religious, and educational doctrine.  Who were some of the key people?

10. Key People During the Enlightenment Locke – Locke –  Natural rights (life, liberty, property) Baron de Montesquieu – Baron de Montesquieu –  His writings became the framework of the much of the Constitution.  Wrote about Separation of powers and checks and balances

11. Change and Turning Points revolution  May be Political or cultural  a dramatic change in ideas, practice, or government

12.  Begins about 10,000 BCE.  Shift from hunting and gathering to cultivation of crops and domestication of animals.  Resulted in the development of permanent settlements.  New technologies, such as a simple calendar to track harvesting and planting, metal tools to aid in farming, and metal weapons to protect the settlement were developed.  Social classes and simple political systems begin.  Neolithic Revolution leads to development of more complex civilizations such as those found in early Egypt, Mesopotamia, India, and China.

13. Commercial Revolution was a time in European history characterized by :  a fundamental change in commerce.  economic expansion  the rise of towns  The establishment of private banking  a money economy emerged  trading organizations, guilds / unions grew  Capitalism

14. Scientific Revolution  New ways of solving problems and thinking about the world –Copernicus: heliocentric (revolves around the sun) –Galileo: telescope –Newton: gravity

15. French Revolution  Political, social and economic factors brought about this political revolution in France.  Causes –The 3 rd estate paid all the taxes –98% of people owned 70% of the land.  key events –Tennis court oath –Storming of the Bastille  major changes –New Constitution made in 1791  Key people –Napolean Bonaparte –Robespierre

16. Industrial Revolution  Making of machinery that was caused by the agrarian revolution. It began in Great Britain due to coal and iron resources.  Inventions –Cotton gin (Eli Whitney) –Seed drill (Jethro Tull)  Effects –Urbanization –Pollution/tenements –Labor exploited “Necessity is the mother of all inventions.”

17. Bolshevik Revolution  Vladimir Lenin headed a socialist party called the Bolsheviks.  Follow the ideas of Karl Marx, but adapt them to Russia.  Promised “peace, land, and bread.”  In November 1917, they overthrow the government. overthrow the government.

18. Cuban Revolution  Independent from Spain in 1898.  Fulgencio Batista seized power, but his government was oppressive and corrupt.  In 1959, he is overthrown by Fidel Castro. –He establishes a Communist dictatorship –United States tried to overthrow the government with the Bay of Pigs.

19. Iranian Revolution  The revolution that transformed Iran from a monarchy under Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi to an Islamic Republic under Ayatollah Khomeini, the leader of the revolution and founder of the Islamic Republic.  It has been called "the third great revolution in history," following the French and Bolshevik revolutions.  Today, Iran is a theocracy. There is an Ayatollah and a Prime Minister. (Mahmoud Ahmadinejad)

20. Chinese Communist Revolution  Mao Zedong emerged as the Communist leader after WWII. –Promises land, rejected Confucian beliefs regarding women inferiority, guerilla warfare. –Set up the People’s Republic of China  Literacy increased, health care increased.  Denied basic rights and freedoms  Great Leap Forward, Cultural Revolution  Followed by Deng Xiaoping. Still very little political rights, but better economic reforms. (Tiananmen Square)