1. Passive Voice of the Present System Chapter 21

2. In chapter 18, we learned a new set of verb endings, for the present passive system. SgPl 1 st -r-mur 2 nd -ris-minī 3 rd -tur-ntur Review: Chapter 18 We also learned how to use these endings to help us conjugate verbs of the 1 st and 2 nd conjugation in this system.

3. laudāminī monēmini laudāmur monēmur laudātur monētur laudāris monēris laudāremonēre laudor moneor Present of 1 st and 2 nd Conjugations laudāntur monēntur

4. Future of 1 st and 2 nd Conjugations amābormonēbor amāberismonēberis amābiturmonēbitur amābimurmonēbimur amābiminīmonēbiminī amābunturmonēbuntur present stem + bo/bi/bu + passive endings

5. The person by whom the action of a passive verb is performed is indicated by the ablative of agent: using ā or ab with the ablative case. If the performer of the verb not a person, the means by which it is done is indicated using the ablative of means (Ch 14). Agent Puer ā patre necātur. Puer tempestāte necātur.

6. dūce faci invenī dūciminī faciminī invenīminī dūcimur facimur invenīmur dūcitur facitur invenītur dūceris faceris invenīris dūcor facior inveniordūcerefacereinvenīre dūceris faceris invenīris dūce faci invenī dūcuntur faciuntur inveniuntur dūce faci invenī Present of 3 rd and 4 th Conjugations

7. Imperfect Passive present stem + imperfect infix + passive endings dūcēbarfaciēbarinveniēbar dūcēbārisfaciēbārisinveniēbāris dūcēbāturfaciēbāturinveniēbātur dūcēbāmurfaciēbāmurinveniēbāmur dūcēbāminīfaciēbāminīinveniēbāminī dūcēbanturfaciēbanturinveniēbantur

8. Future of 3 rd and 4 th Conjugations uses the same vowel changes as we learned for the active, but with the passive endings - let’s review the active! dūcamfaciaminveniam dūcēsfaciēsinveniēs dūcetfaciet inveniet dūcēmusfaciēmusinveniēmus dūcētisfaciētisinveniētis dūcentfacientinvenient

9. dūca faciainvenia dūcēfaciēinveniē dūcefacieinvenie Future of 3 rd and 4 th Conjugations dūcarfaciarinveniar dūcērisfaciērisinveniēris dūcēturfaciēturinveniētur dūcēmurfaciēmurinveniēmur dūcēminīfaciēminīinveniēminī dūcenturfacienturinvenientur uses the same vowel changes as we learned for the active, but with the passive endings dūcarfaciarinveniar dūcērisfaciērisinveniēris dūcēturfaciēturinveniētur dūcēmurfaciēmurinveniēmur dūcēminīfaciēminīinveniēminī dūcenturfacienturinvenientur

10. Passive Infinitives For conjugations 1, 2, and 4, just change the final –e of the active infinitive into –ī. For the third conjugation (including 3 rd –io), change the whole –ere into –ī. amāre→ monēre→ dūcere→ invenīre→ amārī monērī dūcī invenīrī amāre→ monēre→ dūcere→ invenīre→