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Pages 467 - 488 Ch. 14 – Acids, Bases, & Salts
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Properties Taste Sour. Can sting skin if open (cut). React with metals to produce H 2 gas. Disassociate in water to produce ions that conduct electricity. (ELECTROLYTE) Acids cause indicators to change color. Blue litmus paper turns red!
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Properties Taste Bitter. Feel slippery to touch. Do not react with metals. Disassociate in water to produce ions that conduct electricity. (ELECTROLYTE) Bases cause indicators to change color. Red litmus paper turns blue!
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Arrhenius AcidsArrhenius Acids form hydrogen ions (H + ) HCl (hydrochloric acid)HCl (hydrochloric acid) HNO 3 (nitric acid)HNO 3 (nitric acid) HC 2 H 3 O 2 (acetic acid)HC 2 H 3 O 2 (acetic acid) H 2 SO 4 (sulfuric acid)H 2 SO 4 (sulfuric acid) H 2 CO 3 (carbonic acid)H 2 CO 3 (carbonic acid) H 3 PO 4 (phosphoric acid)H 3 PO 4 (phosphoric acid) Definitions
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Arrhenius BasesArrhenius Bases form hydroxide ions (OH - ) NaOH (sodium hydroxide)NaOH (sodium hydroxide) KOH (potassium hydroxide)KOH (potassium hydroxide) Mg(OH) 2 (magnesium hydroxide)Mg(OH) 2 (magnesium hydroxide) Ca(OH) 2 (calcium hydroxide)Ca(OH) 2 (calcium hydroxide) Ba(OH) 2 (barium hydroxide)Ba(OH) 2 (barium hydroxide) OH! It’s a base! Definitions
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Always produce water & a salt. & HCl + NaOH NaCl + H 2 O ACID + BASE SALT + WATER
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Definitions Brønsted-Lowry HCl + H 2 O Cl – + H 3 O + AcidsAcids are hydrogen ion (H + ) donors. BasesBases are hydrogen ion (H + ) acceptors. baseacid
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Brønsted-Lowry Acids & Bases
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Definitions Types of Acids: Monoprotic AcidsMonoprotic Acids – have 1 proton to donate. Diprotic AcidsDiprotic Acids – have 2 protons to donate. Triprotic AcidsTriprotic Acids – have 3 protons to donate. HCl, HNO 3, HF H 2 SO 4, H 2 CO 3, H 2 S H 3 PO 4
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Conjugate Acid – Base Pairs When a base gains a proton, it becomes its conjugate acid. When an acid loses a proton, it becomes its conjugate base. HCl + H 2 O Cl – + H 3 O + conjugate acid conjugate base baseacid
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Conjugate Acid – Base Pairs Pairs are joined together by the loss and gain of a proton. Acid & Base – Reactants side. Conjugate Base & Conjugate Acid – Products side. NH 3 + H 2 O NH 4 + + OH - acid base conjugate acid conjugate base
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Conjugate Acid – Base Pairs
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Strength of Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs The stronger the acid … The weaker its conjugate base. The weaker its conjugate acid. The stronger the base …
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What part does water play? H 2 O + HNO 3 H 3 O + + NO 3 – AcidBase
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What part does water play? can act as an acid or a base. Water is amphoteric: can act as an acid or a base. NH 3 + H 2 O NH 4 + + OH - BaseAcid
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Neutralize each other in what is called a Neutralization Reaction. &
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Hydronium Ion Produced when an acid dissociates in water and the water picks up the hydrogen ion. H3O+H3O+ H HHHH H Cl OO – +
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