1. Injuries to the Lower Leg, Foot and Ankle

2. Lower Leg Injuries Caution! Graphic Picture

4. Contusions Shin contusion Shin contusion

6. Compartment Syndrome

8. Fasciotomy – surgical procedure in which the fascia is cut to relieve pressure http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=82QcxdHel0Q

9. Muscle Strain Calf is most affected (usually at gastroc-achilles junction) Calf is most affected (usually at gastroc-achilles junction)

10. Grade 1 Calf Strain: Grade 1 Calf Strain: Grade 2 Calf Strain : Grade 2 Calf Strain : Grade 3 Calf Strain: Grade 3 Calf Strain:

11. Achilles Tendonitis Inflammation of the Achilles Tendon Inflammation of the Achilles Tendon MOI – overuse, microtearing of tendon MOI – overuse, microtearing of tendon

12. Achilles Tendon Tear

14. Thompson’s test for Achilles Tendon Rupture http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8kxPFjSJj0k http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8kxPFjSJj0k

15. Muscle Spasm Calf usually affected Calf usually affected MOI – fatigue, dehydration MOI – fatigue, dehydration Treatment – direct compression, gradual stretch, ice, rehydrate Treatment – direct compression, gradual stretch, ice, rehydrate

16. Leg Fractures Direct blows or indirect trauma Direct blows or indirect trauma

20. Stress Fractures An incomplete break in a bone occurring after prolonged repetitive exercise

21. Stress Fractures (con’t) Signs and Symptoms Signs and Symptoms-

24. Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome “shinsplints ” “shinsplints ” Pain along medial border of the tibia Pain along medial border of the tibia Usually with novice runners – well conditioned runners usually due to mechanical abnormalities Usually with novice runners – well conditioned runners usually due to mechanical abnormalities

25. Causes: - running on hard Causes: - running on hardsurfaces - Overuse - Overuse - Muscle imbalance - Muscle imbalance - Tight Achilles - Tight Achilles

27. Ankle Injuries

28. Mechanisms of Injuries Inversion Inversion-

29. Plantar Flexion Plantar Flexion - Usually sprain ankle when in plantar flexion. - Ankle is unstable in this position

30. Eversion Eversion - usually due to a planted foot that receives a lateral force - stepping in a hole - higher incidence of fractures

31. Lateral Ligament Sprain Most common ankle injury Most common ankle injury MOI = Inversion and plantar flexion MOI = Inversion and plantar flexion

32. Anterior Talofibular Ligament (ATF) is injured first. (mild sprain) Anterior Talofibular Ligament (ATF) is injured first. (mild sprain) The Calcaneofibular Ligament (CF) is injured in more severe sprains The Calcaneofibular Ligament (CF) is injured in more severe sprains

33. INVERSION ANKLE SPRAIN

34. Ankle inversion http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dP17ZY3zxa4&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Kc1CEAk1ao&feature=fvwrel http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dP17ZY3zxa4&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Kc1CEAk1ao&feature=fvwrel http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dP17ZY3zxa4&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Kc1CEAk1ao&feature=fvwrel

35. Medial Ligament Sprain (Deltoid Ligament) Often associated with fractures of lateral malleolus Often associated with fractures of lateral malleolus

36. The Deltoid Ligament

37. Peroneal Tendon Injury Can occur when lateral ankle ligaments are injured Can occur when lateral ankle ligaments are injured