1. The Road to the Constitution

2. “The Sun Chair” During the Constitutional Convention, Ben Franklin often gazed at the back of this chair wondering if the sun was rising or setting…

3. They met in Philadelphia… Congress said they could meet to “revise” the Articles… Congress said they could meet to “revise” the Articles… The Virginia Plan: Intro. from the start. Set the course, drawn up by Federalists! The Virginia Plan: Intro. from the start. Set the course, drawn up by Federalists! Main points: two chambered house w/much power and delegates based on population. Main points: two chambered house w/much power and delegates based on population. New Jersey Plan: called for a stronger Congress, but single chamber, & vote New Jersey Plan: called for a stronger Congress, but single chamber, & vote

4. Independence Hall

5. What were some significant compromises in building the Constitution? The Great Compromise: bicameral Congress; House by population, Senators two per state. (AKA Conn.) The Great Compromise: bicameral Congress; House by population, Senators two per state. (AKA Conn.) House of Representatives Senate By Population2 Per State

6. The U.S. in 1787

7. Other compromises: North-South Compromise, 3/5 Compromise (slavery) Other compromises: North-South Compromise, 3/5 Compromise (slavery) What they were doing was not exactly legal! (It was NOT revision) What they were doing was not exactly legal! (It was NOT revision)

8. The Ratification Struggle… The Anti-Federalists were not happy. Most delegates were Federalists, in secret! Too powerful central govt! Wanted a revision! The Anti-Federalists were not happy. Most delegates were Federalists, in secret! Too powerful central govt! Wanted a revision! Federalists respond with essays aimed at winning public support. (NY!) Federalists respond with essays aimed at winning public support. (NY!)

9. The Federalist Papers Written by “Publius”? Written by “Publius”? Madison and Hamilton Madison and Hamilton These authors were all, “Well- read, well bred, well-fed, and well-wed!” Reflected the interests of the propertied class. Civics: Federalist Papers Activity/Jigsaw

10. Madison on Federalist #51 The need for separation of powers The need for separation of powers

11. Ultimately, this was needed… The Bill of Rights! The Bill of Rights! Seen as a safeguard Seen as a safeguard What was the big deal? What was the big deal? Rights are inherent, or Rights are inherent, or are they?

13. What is the significance of the Bill of Rights?

15. The Preamble of the Constitution

16. The famous “faked” painting James Madison is known as the father of the Constitution. Can you spot him?

17. Who were the major players in developing the Constitution?

18. Major characteristics of the Constitution: Limited Government: both grants and denials of power Limited Government: both grants and denials of power Power to offset power such as… separation of powers Power to offset power such as… separation of powers Also, institutions sharing power, known as checks and balances Also, institutions sharing power, known as checks and balances

19. South Carolinian founders

20. Adams and his influence with Checks and balances

21. Does one branch outweigh another?

22. Also… The Bill of Rights: (know them) The Bill of Rights: (know them) Judicial review: came later! The power of the courts to declare laws and actions of the legislature “unconstitutional” Judicial review: came later! The power of the courts to declare laws and actions of the legislature “unconstitutional” Federalism: division of political authority between nat. and state Federalism: division of political authority between nat. and state

23. Judicial review Marbury v. Madison (1803) Marbury v. Madison (1803) John Marshall, John Marshall, Chief Justice He was a Federalist! He was a Federalist!

24. A little about judicial review

25. Providing for “Self Government” Remember that “tyranny of majority”? Remember that “tyranny of majority”? Democracy v. Republic Democracy v. Republic Went with limited popular rule (reps) Went with limited popular rule (reps) ex. The Electoral College ex. The Electoral College

26. Were the founders also influenced by Ancient Rome? AP Govt: Reading on Tocqueville & CP Six Basic Principles DVD Constitutional Concepts