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Nutrition
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Nutritional Needs Calcium and iron are important ▫From toddlers to teenagers Special dietary needs for teenagers: ▫This is a time of growth spurts 20% of adult height 50% of adult weight
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Teenagers and Calcium Teenagers need calcium to build strong bones The osteoporosis connection… ▫Why talk about this in a child & adolescent health class??
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Osteoporosis 1 of every 2 American women will get osteoporosis after the age of 65. Why worry about teenagers? ▫Less than half of teenagers get enough calcium in their diet. For girls – about 15% get enough calcium. The teenage years are the time to build strong bones
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Soda consumption & Osteoporosis Girls who drank soft drinks: 3x more likely to have a bone fracture ▫Physically active girls: 5x more likely to have a bone fracture ▫Why? Phosphoric acid Less calcium consumption
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Who is at risk? Those who do not get enough calcium Females Those with high soft drink consumption Those who do not exercise Caucasians and Asians Family history Smoking Alcohol
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Prevention Eating calcium-rich foods ▫Dairy products, calcium-fortified orange juice, leafy green vegetables, canned salmon or tuna ▫May need a calcium supplement Weight-bearing exercises Limit soft drink consumption Don’t smoke Notice anything about this list?
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“Selling” it to teenagers Make it beneficial in the short term ▫May need to relate it to body image “Calcium will help you grow taller” “Do you know those older people that are stooped over?”
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Eating Disorders
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Teenagers & Eating Disorders Girls 15 – 19 years old: ▫Account for 40% of new anorexia cases every year. ▫There has been a rise in anorexia among this age group every decade since 1930! Bulimia: ▫The incidences of bulimia have tripled among 10-39 year-olds from 1988 to 1993 Most of those with anorexia or bulimia do NOT receive adequate care.
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Teenagers & Dieting Over ½ half of teenage girls and 1/3 of teen boys use unhealthy weight control behaviors. ▫(Neumark-Sztainer, 2005) ▫These behaviors include: Skipping meals Fasting Smoking cigarettes to control weight Vomiting Taking laxatives
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Anorexia Nervosa Self-starvation ▫Essential nutrients are denied (no or little food) so the body slows down all normal processes to conserve energy. Health consequences ▫Low blood pressure / heart rate ▫Muscle loss / weakness ▫Dehydration ▫Fainting / fatigue ▫Dry hair and skin
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90-95% are female so, 5-10% are male. Similar characteristics: ▫Preoccupied with weight Males may have preoccupation with body building, weight lifting or toning. ▫Compulsive exercise ▫Frequently weighing oneself ▫Distorted body image
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Bulimia Nervosa Typically a binge – purge method ▫Binge – secret periods of quickly eating high- calorie dense foods. ▫Purge – more than the typical vomiting. 80% are female Health consequences: ▫Irregular heartbeat = heart failure = death. ▫Tooth decay ▫Ulcers
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Signs and Symptoms (Anorexia & Bulemia) Weight loss No or irregular periods Fatigue Decreased concentration Stress fractures Muscle injuries Low heart rate/BP Heart irregularities May even have chest pain Continued dieting Preoccupation with food/weight Frequent trips to bathroom during and after meals Using laxatives Brittle nails/hair Dental cavities Sensitivity to cold
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Prevention Look at your own beliefs, attitudes, behaviors about food, weight, body image, physical appearance and exercise. Open communication Healthy modeling. (setting a good example) Critical thinking Exercise should equal feeling better not looking better. Don’t use food as a reward or punishment
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More information “Dying to be thin” www.pbs.orgwww.pbs.org ▫Nova program
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