1. Ontologies and Terminology and how they relate to lexicography Adam Kilgarriff Auckland 20121Kilgarriff: Ontologies and Terminology

2. Auckland 2012Kilgarriff: Ontologies and Terminology 2 Terminology Contains terms  for the objects and concepts in a domain  organized according to relations between objects  Different language Same objects, so Same organization Different terms

3. Auckland 2012Kilgarriff: Ontologies and Terminology 3 Ontology Artificial Intelligence Like terminology with reasoning Tweety is-a swallow A swallow is-a bird Birds fly Inference ----------------------- Tweety flies the rationalist dream of automated reasoning Bird flies swallowrobin… Tweety

4. Auckland 2012Kilgarriff: Ontologies and Terminology 4 Ontology Chris is-a dentist Chris has-practice in Lancing Chris works 9am-3pm Mon-Fri … You live-near Lancing You want-to-visit dentist You are-available … Inference --------------------------------------------------------- Appointment, you, Chris, Lancing, 10am, Thursday

5. Auckland 2012Kilgarriff: Ontologies and Terminology 5 Items in an ontology Defined by relations in ontology Labelled (only) by words/phrases in various languages X1 EN: bird FR: oiseau X2 EN: swallow FR: hirondelle … Ontology/things: language independent

6. Auckland 2012Kilgarriff: Ontologies and Terminology 6 Mismatches and gaps Y1 EN: body parts SP: … Y2 SP: dedo Y5 EN: arm SP: bras Y3 EN: finger Y4 EN: toe

7. Auckland 2012Kilgarriff: Ontologies and Terminology 7 Thesaurus (eg Roget)‏ Looks like a simple ontology  hierarchy only  supports inference? usually fudged Language independent?

8. Auckland 2012Kilgarriff: Ontologies and Terminology 8 WordNet Princeton Univ project, from ca 1990 Thesaurus  Synonym sets or synsets  Hyponyms/hyperonyms, antonyms, part-of, other lexical relations Free, online and available for download  Very widely used  Replicated for many languages, Global WN Assn

9. Auckland 2012Kilgarriff: Ontologies and Terminology 9 Lexicon/dictionary About words Organized by words Language specific

10. Auckland 2012Kilgarriff: Ontologies and Terminology 10 Rationalists Empiricists Structure Depth Logic Semantic Web Terminology Data Breadth Statistics Google Lexicography

11. Auckland 2012Kilgarriff: Ontologies and Terminology 11 Terminology Lexicography What is the thing called  in languages x, y, z What kind of thing is it  Is-a link  Its place in ontology Well-structured hierarchy How does the word behave?  what does it denote? Where does it occur?

12. Auckland 2012Kilgarriff: Ontologies and Terminology 12 Synthesis Thesis  Ontology, terminology, taxonomical lexicography Semantic web, Roget, WordNets Antithesis  Corpus lexicography Synthesis: integrating language-independent structure language-specific word/phrase behaviour  Corpus-based terminology  FrameNet

13. Auckland 2012Kilgarriff: Ontologies and Terminology 13 Summary words Lexicon Thesaurus/Terminology Ontology things