1. Fish Anatomy, Physiology and Health

2. The anatomy of a fish

3. Fins Made of stiff rays covered by skin Some are bony and stiff
Cichild fish have one dorsal, but it has two names, a spiny dorsal and a soft dorsal
The number of rays in a fin are used for species ID and classification

4. Skin Epidermis and Dermis
Consistently shed and replaced with new epithelial cells
Interspaced between epithelial cells are slime cells which produce Mucoid, the slime that forms the protective covering called the slime coat

6. ACTIVITY
Go look at the fish scales under the microscope and draw what you see.

7. Pigment cells Colors are produced by cells in the dermis
Fish can change color during mating, as a survival tactic and during feeding times
This is caused when melanin grains are moved within each pigment cell, when dispersed they absorb more light and the fish darkens. When they are tightened, the fish goes pale.

8. Gills Respiration occurs here
Composed of a delicate system of blood vessels, which allows the gaseous exchange to take place.

9. Lateral Line Connects scales to sensory cells and nerve fibers
Runs in a semi-line from gills to the tail fin, easily noticed as a darker line running along the side of the fish.
Very important sensory organ

10. Physiology of Fish The function of body systems
9 body systems are found in fish:
Circulatory system
Digestive system
Excretory system
Muscular system
Nervous system
Reproductive system
Respiratory system
Sensory system
Skeletal system

11. Circulatory system Distributes blood throughout the body
Consists of : heart, veins, arteries
Fish have a 2 chambered heart

12. Digestive System
Converts food to use for maintenance, growth and reproduction
Includes mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, anus and other associated organs.
Systems vary according to the animals eating habits.

13. Excretory System Kidneys filter waste from the blood
Through usage of energy, fish are able to break down the nitrates and ammonia to a more usable source of urea.

14. Muscular system
Provides external and internal movement

15. Nervous System
Conveys sensory impulses between the brain and spinal cord, or other parts of the body as well.
Consists of brain, spinal cord, sensory receptors and nerve fibers

16. Reproductive System
Some fish are eggs layers, while others are live bearers.
When the sperm and egg unite a zygote is created and after a period of incubation the zygote becomes an organism

17. Respiratory System
Gills are the respiratory organs of fish, shellfish and crustaceans.
Water taken in by the gills is where oxygen is removed by diffusion in the blood

18. Sensory System
Includes 5 senses: sight, touch, taste, smell and hearing
Fish also have the lateral line which is very important in detecting minute electrical currents in the water.

19. Skeletal System
Rigid framework which gives the body shape and protects the organs.
Fish possess an internal skeleton while shrimp, oysters and crawfish have an external skeleton

20. Fish Health, Pests and Disease
When selecting fish for your aquarium, look for fish that:
Have a healthy appearance
Are active
Eat well
Have no scars, spots or open wounds

21. Common Fish Diseases Ick Bacterial Fin Rot Gill and Skin Flukes Dropsy
Ammonia Poisoning
Nitrite Poisoning

22. Activity
Choosing one of the fish diseases listed on the previous slide, you are going to research the symptoms, causes and treatments.
You will need to make a poster with at least 2 pictures of the disease affecting a fish, as well as list the symptoms, causes and treatments. BE CREATIVE!!!