1. Section 5 EUROPE AND JAPAN IN RUINS

2.  40 million Europeans dead  Hundreds of cities reduced to rubble  Displaced persons from many nations were left homeless  Countrysides were destroyed and farming become near impossible  The transportation systems were destroyed, making it difficult for many citizens to gain access to food  Famine and disease killed thousands DEVASTATION IN EUROPE

4. Direct war costsMilitary killed/missing Civilians killed United States$288 billion292,131-- Great Britain$117 billion272,31160,595 France$111.3 billion205,707173,260 USSR$93 billion13,600,0007,720,000 Germany$212.3 billion3,300,0002,893,000 Japan$41.3 billion1,140,429953,000 COSTS OF WWII (P. 515)

5.  Italians, Germans and the French did not want to see a return of fascist governments  Communist party membership skyrocketed temporarily but violence sponsored by the communists eventually caused a backlash and anti-communists governments were voted in POSTWAR GOVERNMENTS & POLITICS

6.  A series of court proceedings held in Nuremberg, Germany in which Nazi leaders were tried for aggression, violations of the rules of war, and crimes against humanity  Hermann Goring (commander of the Luftwaffe) received the death sentence but committed suicide before he could be executed  Rudolf Hess (Hitler’s former deputy) was sentenced to life in prison  The bodies of executed war criminals were cremated in the ovens at Dachau THE NUREMBERG TRIALS

7.  The process of disbanding the Japanese armed forces to only a small police force  Begun by Douglas MacArthur to ensure peace after he took charge of U.S. occupation of Japan  MacArthur also put Japanese war criminals on trial  Hideki Tojo and 6 others were condemned to hang DEMILITARIZATION OF JAPAN

8.  The process of creating a fair government in Japan  In 1946, MacArthur and his American political advisors drew up a constitution  Japan became a Constitutional Monarchy similar to Great Britain. DEMOCRATIZATION OF JAPAN