1. Rise of Democracy “Democratic Developments in England” And
“The Enlightenment and Democractic Revolutions”

2. Prologue: Section 3
Democratic Developments in England

3. Henry II (1154-1189) develops as one of the world’s greatest leaders
Causes:
Developed the idea of trial by jury
Created the Common Law
Effects
Americans use a trial by a jury
Many English-speaking countries use a type of common law

4. King John tried to raise taxes on the nobles (p. 17-18)
Causes:
Angry nobles rebelled and forced John to sign concessions that guaranteed certain traditional political rights.
This agreement is called the Magna Carta
Effect
Grew to protect the liberties of all people
Used to justify the American Revolution

5. Magna Carta Clause 1
“We have also granted to all free men of our kingdom, for ourselves, and our heirs for ever, all the liberties written below …”
Why It is Important

6. Magna Carta Clause 12:
“No special tax or aid shall be imposed in our kingdom unless by common counsel of our kingdom …”
Why It is Important

7. Magna Carta – Clause 38
Clause 38: “No bailiff shall in future put anyone to trial upon his own bare word, without reliable witnesses produced for this purpose.”
Why It is Important

8. Magna Carta Clause 39
“No free man shall be arrested or imprisoned …, except by the lawful judgment of his peers or by the law of the land.”
Why It is Important

9. Magna Carta Clause 41
“All merchants shall be able to go out of and come into England safely and securely and stay and travel throughout England.”
Why It is Important

10. In 1295, Edward I needs money to pay for war in France
Causes:
He called together the Model Parliament
Made up of noble lords, minor lords and city leaders
established a standard for later parliaments
Voted on taxes, helped with reforms and consolidated laws
Effects
English House of Commons and the House of Lords
American legistative branch: Senate & House of Representatives

11. Charles I and Oliver Cromwell claim more power. (p. 18-19)
Causes:
Religious reformers were trying to change the Church of England through legislation
James I used the Star Chamber to administer justice
When James I was refused money by parliament, he tried to raise the money through a different route.
Effects
Parliament rejected the attempts by Charles I in the Petition of Rights.
Charles I disbanded Parliament after they refused to comply.

12. Charles I and Oliver Cromwell claim more power. (p. 18-19)
Causes:
When the Scots invaded England, and King Charles I needed the help of his nobles, they refused to help him until he signed concessions.
In 1642, this lead to the English Civil War which ended with the execution of Charles I and Oliver Cromwell rise to power.

13. Oliver claim more power. (p. 18-19)
Effects:
Cromwell established the Commonwealth of England
In 1653 he also dissolved Parliament and created the Protectorate

14. Richard Cromwell resigns & Charles II is placed on the throne (p. 20)
Causes (Restoration):
Richard Cromwell was an unpopular and weak leader who resigned in 1659.
In 1660, the Parliament restored Charles II to the throne of a new monarchy
Effects
The monarchy and Parliament shared power
In 1679 Habeas Corpus Amendment Act was passed requiring authorities to tell a person why he or she is being arrested

15. The Glorious Revolution takes place. (p. 20)
Cause:
King James II, a Roman Catholic, became king and wanted to take back the divine right of kings.
Although Mary was his first child, the Parliament was afraid that the rule would pass to James’ son thereby increasing the power of the monarchy.
The Parliament offered the English throne to James’ II daughter, Mary and her husband theWilliam of Orange (the ruler of the Netherlands) in 1689.

16. The Glorious Revolution takes place. (p. 20)
Effect: Parliament created a bill of rights that
Limited the power of the king
Could not suspend laws
Could not tax without consent of the Parliament
Could not raise an army without consent of the Parliament
Protected people’s rights
free speech
The right to seek remedies for grievances

17. Section 4 The Enlightenment and Democractic Revolution
Modern World History (p )

18. Warm-up
List three important names from the English Democractic Development section
Describe two important events
Compare one English democratic development with a development in American democracy.

19. Vocabulary Term (p. 22)
Enlightenment – thinkers attempted to apply the principles of reason and the methods of science to society.
Social Contract – people agree to submit to an absolute ruler to prevent disorder
Natural rights – all human beings have the right to life, liberty, and property

20. Determining Main Ideas:
Read together in your groups. Each person takes a turn reading. All people read along. Stop as a group to complete information
As you read about the Englightenment (23-24), take notes to show each thinker’s main ideas about government.
Thomas Hobbes
John Locke
Voltaire
Jean Jacques Rousseau
Baron de Montesquieu

21. Enlightenment Thinkers
Thomas Hobbes
John Locke
Lived
Sided with absolute monarchy and divine right of kings
Lived 1632 to 1704
Sided with self- government and modern democratic thought

22. Thomas Hobbes (p. 22) Wrote Leviathan (1651)
people were by nature selfish and ambitious
people needed the control of an absolute monarch.
Developed a social contract

23. John Locke Wrote Two Treatises on Government (1690)
Believed all human beings had, by nature, the right to life, liberty, and property.
Believed people had the right to rebel against a government that violated or failed to protect their rights.

24. Voltaire His real name was François-Marie Aroue.
Attacked the French government & Christianity
Proposed tolerance, freedom of religion, and free speech

25. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Wrote The Social Contract (1762)
Called the social contract “an agreement between free individuals to create a government that would respond to the people’s will” (p. 23).
Believed the only true government ruled through consent of its people.
Believed the people would wisely follow the issues and vote according to their consciences for the well-being of the community.

26. Baron de Montesquieu Wrote The Spirit of the Laws (1748)
Believed “any person or group in power will try to increase its power.”
Proposed a separation of powers by dividing power into three branches
Legislative
Executive
Judicial

27. Three branches of government
Legislature to make laws
Executive to inforce laws
Courts (judical) to interpret laws

28. Vocabulary Term (p )
American Revolution ( )the American struggle for independence from Britian.
French Revolution (1789) the French war for democracy, overthrowing the monarchy

29. Vocabulary Term (p )
Representative Government – citizens elect representatives to make laws and policies
Federal system – the governing powers were divided between the central (federal), state, and local representatives

30. Compare & Contrast:
As you read about democractic revolutions (25-27) take note to fill in the Venn chart below to compare the American Revolution to the French Revolution.
American Revolution
French Revolution

31. Compare and Contrast
Causes
Began
with
Developed
Goal
Outcome

32. Causes Louis raised taxes through the Estates-General
American Revolution
French Revolution
The British raised the taxes on the American colonies to help pay for the French- Indian War
American colonists protested the taxes, claiming taxation without representation
Colonists wanted to settle the lands west of the Appalachian Mountains
Louis raised taxes through the Estates-General
Absolute monarchy lead to excessive powers for the rich
Unpopular, weak monarchs – King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette
Other classes influenced by Enlightenment

33. Began with Stamp Act of 1765 unified protesters
American Revolution
French Revolution
Stamp Act of 1765 unified protesters
Battle of Lexington and Concord in 1775
Peasants reformed as the National Assembly
Parisians took control of the Bastille on 14 July, 1789

34. Experienced - Developed
American Revolution
French Revolution
Federal Government
Enlightenment
Declaration of Independence
Constitution
Life, liberty & pursuit of happiness
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
Enlightenment
American Declaration of Independence
Liberty, property, security, & resistance to oppression

35. Goal Freedom to build a new nation
American Revolution
French Revolution
Freedom to build a new nation
Limited government for an existing country
Model:
England’s constitutional monarchy
The United States’ federal government

36. Outcome Won independence in 1781 Created American Revolution
French Revolution
Won independence in 1781
Created
a representative government
3 branch federal system
Trouble from the beginning:
European monarchs warred against France
Catholics did not like the new government
The noblity was not pleased
Reign of Terror was the result
Napoleon Bonaparte created a dictatorship

37. Review
Using your notes or the book, write a brief response to the following items:
Three difference between the American and French Revolutions
Two similarities between the American and French Revolutions
One impact of these revolutions on the rise of democracy

38. Struggle for Democracy Continues
“The Struggle for Democracy Continues”
Read pages 26-27
Write a 40-word response to the following prompt:
Explain the role of the United Nations in promoting democracy.

39. Homework – Vocabulary terms sections 1-4:
Make flashcards
Make pict-o-grams
Place terms in catagories based on 5 elements of social studies.