1. Chapter 4
Design and Problem Solving

2. Design and Problem Solving
Chapter 4
Design and Problem Solving
Section 4.1 The Design Process
Section 4.2 Problem Solving

3. Objectives Content Vocabulary 4.1 The Design Process
Explain how creativity influences design.
Explain the importance of engineering and appearance in design.
Discuss ways to evaluate designs.
Content Vocabulary
innovation
invention
human factors engineering
balance
proportion
unity

4. The Design Process
4.1
Graphic Organizer
Use this graphic organizer to organize and write down information as you study.

5. What are some basic principles of design for almost everything?
The Design Process
4.1
Get Started!
What are some basic principles of design for almost everything?

6. Creativity leads to ideas that are original and imaginative.
The Design Process
4.1
The Role of Creativity
Creativity leads to ideas that are original and imaginative.

7. The Design Process
4.1
The Role of Creativity
Historically, inventors like John Deere and Thomas Edison innovated and invented existing products or brand new devices.
innovation
the process of modifying an existing product or system to improve it
invention
turning ideas and imagination into new products and systems

8. The Role of Engineering
The Design Process
4.1
The Role of Engineering
Design and engineering work hand in hand.
Both consider a product’s durability, reliability, and usability.

9. Human Factors Engineering
The Design Process
4.1
Human Factors Engineering
Designers think about how people use products, or human factors engineering.
They are interested comfort and function.
human factors engineering
the design of equipment and environments to promote human safety, health, and well-being; also called “ergonomics”

10. The Design Process
4.1
Flexibility
Engineers determine a product’s flexibility to meet the needs of its potential users.

11. There are four principles of design that determine its success:
The Design Process
4.1
The Role of Appearance
There are four principles of design that determine its success:
Balance
Proportion
Contrast
Unity
balance
a state of steadiness or stability; one of the principles of design
proportion
the correct relationship between sizes and quantities in a design
unity
function and form are carefully planned and in harmony

12. The Design Process
4.1
Evaluating Design
During the design process, a designer checks and critiques the final product.
Sample Design Checklist
Does it meet the end-user’s needs?
Was it delivered on time and under budget?
Can it be improved?
What other questions would you include to evaluate a design?

13. Objectives Content Vocabulary 4.2 Problem Solving
List the six steps in problem solving
Describe an effective problem statement.
Content Vocabulary
problem statement
brainstorming

14. Problem Solving
4.2
Graphic Organizer
Use this graphic organizer to organize and write down information as you study.

15. Discuss a problem you had and how you solved it.
Problem Solving
4.2
Get Started!
Discuss a problem you had and how you solved it.

16. Problem solving is part of the design process.
4.2
Problem Solving Steps
Problem solving is part of the design process. 1
Define the problem. 2
Collect information. 3
Develop possible solutions.
The six steps to solving a problem are: 4
Select one solution. 5
Put the solution to work. 6
Evaluate the solution.

17. Problem Solving
4.2
Problem Solving Steps

18. Problem Solving
4.2
Define the Problem
You must identify a problem before you can solve it. This means defining it.

19. Problem Solving
4.2
The Problem Statement
To identify and define the problem, designers create a problem statement.
problem statement
a statement that clearly identifies the problem that the product will solve

20. A problem statement helps focus your thinking.
Problem Solving
4.2
The Problem Statement
A problem statement helps focus your thinking.
Revise the statement to be absolutely clear.

21. Criteria and Constraints
Problem Solving
4.2
Criteria and Constraints
Criteria are identified once the problem has been stated.
Find specifics and limitations that a designer should take into consideration when designing a product.

22. Problem Solving
4.2
Collect Information
You can save time and find better solutions by looking at similar problems and solutions.

23. Develop Possible Solutions
Problem Solving
4.2
Develop Possible Solutions
Brainstorming is an important part of the problem-solving process.
Designers brainstorm at they collect information and develop possible solutions.
brainstorming
a group technique that helps you develop possible solutions to a problem very quickly

24. Make an educated decision by looking at all your options.
Problem Solving
4.2
Select One Solution
When selecting a solution, weigh the options of the other possible solutions.
Make an educated decision by looking at all your options.

25. Put the Solution to Work
Problem Solving
4.2
Put the Solution to Work
The best way to test a solution is to use it.
Every solution needs to be evaluated, and most designs must be refined.

26. If the first solution does not work out, do not stick to it.
Problem Solving
4.2
Evaluate the Solution
If the first solution does not work out, do not stick to it.
Look for better solutions and use new knowledge gained from trial and error.

27. human factors engineering
Chapter
Design and Problem Solving 4
Review
Content Vocabulary Check
innovation
invention
human factors engineering
balance
proportion
balance
A state of steadiness or stability; one of the principles of design
innovation
The process of modifying an existing product or system to improve it
invention
Turning ideas and imagination into new products and systems
human factors engineering
The design of equipment and environments to promote human safety, health, and well-being; also called “ergonomics”
proportion
The correct relationship between sizes and quantities in a design

28. Design and Problem Solving 4
Chapter
Design and Problem Solving 4
Review
Content Vocabulary Check
unity
problem statement
brainstorming
brainstorming
A group problem-solving technique in which members call out possible solutions
unity
A state in which all parts of a design work together
problem statement
A statement that clearly defines a problem to be solved

29. Design and Problem Solving 4
Chapter
Design and Problem Solving 4
Review
Quick Check
Explain how creativity influences design.
List the six steps in the problem-solving process.
Describe what makes a product attractive.
Discuss how problem solving is applied to design.
Discuss what is involved in finding solutions to problems.
Answers
All designs begin with a creative design
Define the problem; collect information; develop possible solutions; select one solution; put the solution to work; and evaluate the solution.
balance, proportion, contrast, unity
It helps designers select the best design.
collecting information on solutions to similar problems

30. End of
Chapter 4
Design and Problem Solving