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Violent Crime and Socioeconomic Stressors Virginia Department of Criminal Justice Services 1
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2 DCJS Study of Risk Factors Violent Crime and Socioeconomic Stressors www.dcjs.virginia/research/bulletins/200604.pdf Research has identified factors that place someone at greater risk of committing a violent offense. These risk factors do not ensure that an individual will become an offender. The presence of these factors - economic, family, education, social, biological, and health - increase the risk that a person will one day commit a violent crime. (Wasserman et al., 2003)
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3 DCJS Study of Risk Factors Examples: males are more likely to become violent offenders, and children raised in poverty are more likely than other children to become violent offenders. Research has clearly demonstrated that risk factors have a cumulative effect. Youth with 7 or more risk factors were 13 times more likely to join a gang, compared to youth with fewer than 2 risk factors.
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4 DCJS Study - Risk Factors Violent Crime Offenses Population Population per 100,000 sq meters of land % of Labor Force Unemployed % Age 16+ Unemployed or Not in Labor Force Median Income for Families with Children Males Released from Prison per 10,000 Males % of Children Under Age 18 Living in Poverty % of Students Receiving Free or Reduced-Price Lunch
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5 DCJS Study - Risk Factors % of Kindergartners Requiring Early Intervention Reading Initiative % of Third Graders Failing English SOL % of Students Failing to Graduate on Time % of Students Dropping Out of School Violent & Threatening School Incidents/1,000 Students % of Population 25+ Who Did Not Graduate High School Births to Mothers with No High School Diploma
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6 DCJS Study - Risk Factors Births to Unmarried Mothers, as a % of All Live Births Low Birth Weight Babies, as a % of All Live Births Teen Pregnancy, Rate per 1,000 Females Age 10-19 Children in Foster Care, Rate per 1,000 Founded Reports of Suspected Child Abuse and Neglect, Rate Per 10,000 Households with Children Lead Poisoning in Children Under Age 15, Rate/10,000 Asthma Hospitalizations for Children Under Age 6, Rate per 100,000
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7 DCJS and 599 Funds The Code of Virginia §9.1-165 provides for financial assistance to localities with police departments through the "599" program. Currently, 40 cities, 9 counties and 126 towns receive "599" funds. Calculations to determine the distribution of "599" funds to localities are performed biennially by DCJS. The funds are allocated by a distribution formula which uses population, crime rates, and social services rates.
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8 DCJS and 599 Funds Total FY 08 Allocation $215,791,448 Alexandria$6,733,694 Charlottesville$2,518,853 Hampton$8,164,108 Harrisonburg$1,637,925 Newport News$10,940,765 Richmond$17,388,383 Roanoke$6,682,276 Virginia Beach$13,686,769 Big Cities
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9 DCJS and 599 Funds Albemarle Co$2,513,773 Arlington Co$7,696,281 Chesterfield Co$9,334,677 Fairfax Co$29,699,707 Henrico Co$10,671,449 James City Co$1,652,591 Prince George Co$1,096,014 Prince William Co$11,498,859 Roanoke Co$2,245,035 County Aid$76,408,387 AmountPercent City Aid$126,654,31458.7% County Aid$76,408,38734.0% Town Aid$12,728,747 5.9% TOTAL AID$215,791,448100% Suburban Counties
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