1. Organizing Data and Information

2. Outline Introduction to Data Management
Basic Concepts
Data Modeling and Database Models
Translating business models to database models
Database Management Systems
The software
Recent Developments
New applications for database

3. Hierarchy of Data

4. Data Entities and Attributes
Entity
Generalized class of people, places, or things for which data is collected, stored, and maintained
Attributes
A characteristic of an entity

5. Keys and Attributes

6. Traditional Approach to Data Management

7. Database Approach to Data Management

8. Advantages of Database Approach
Improved strategic use of corporate data
Reduced data redundancy
Improved data integrity
Easier modification and updating
Data and program independence
Better access to data and information
Standardization of data access
Framework for program development
Better overall protection of the data
Shared data and information resources

9. Disadvantages of Database Approach
Relatively high cost of purchasing and operating a DBMS in a mainframe operating environment
Increased cost of specialized staff
Increased vulnerability

10. Outline Introduction to Data Management
Data Modeling and Database Models
Translating business models to database models
Database Management Systems
Recent Developments

11. Data Modeling Data Model Entity-Relationship (ER) Diagrams
A diagram of data entities and their relationships
Entity-Relationship (ER) Diagrams
A data model that uses basic graphical symbols to show the organization of relationships between data

12. Keys
Key:
A field or set of fields in a record that is used to identify the record
Primary Key
A field or set of fields that uniquely identifies the record

13. An Entity-Relationship Diagram

14. Database Models Hierarchical (Tree) Models Network Model
Relational Models

15. A Hierarchical Database Model

16. A Network Database Model

17. A Relational Database Model

18. Outline Introduction to Data Management
Data Modeling and Database Models
Database Management Systems
The software
Recent Developments

19. Database Management System (DBMS)
A group of programs that manipulate the database and provide an interface between the database and the user of the database and other application programs

20. Building and Modifying a Relational Database

21. Schemas and Subschemas
A description of the entire database
Subschema
A file that contains a description of a subset of the database and identifies which users can view and modify the data items in the subset

22. Use of Schemas and Subschemas

23. Logical and Physical Access Paths

24. Structured Query Language

25. Database Output

26. Worldwide Database Market Share, 1998

27. Selecting a DBMS Database Size Number of concurrent users Performance
Integration
Features
The Vendor
Cost

28. Outline Introduction to Data Management
Data Modeling and Database Models
Database Management Systems
Recent Developments
New applications for databases

29. Recent Developments
Data Warehouses: A database that collects business information from many sources in the enterprise, covering all aspects of the company’s processes, products, and customers
Data Mart: a subset of a data warehouse
Data Mining: an information analysis tool that involves the automated discovery of patterns and relationships in a data warehouse
Database-driven Web sites

30. Elements of a Data Warehouse

31. How to Design a Data Warehouse
Sharply define goals and objectives
Choose the software that best fits the goals
Determine what should be in the database
Develop a plan
Measure results

32. Common Data Mining Applications
Market segmentation
Customer churn
Fraud detection
Direct marketing
Market basket analysis
Trend analysis

33. On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP)
Software that allows users to explore data from a number of different perspectives

34. OLTP and Data Warehousing

35. OLTP and Data Mining

36. Open Database Connectivity (ODBC)
Standards that ensure that software written to comply with these standards can be used with any ODBC-compliant database

37. Advantages of ODBC

38. ORDBMS Object-Relationship Database Management System (ORDBMS)
Supports object-oriented business modeling

39. Business Intelligence
The process of getting enough of the right information in a timely manner and usable form and analyzing it so that it can have a positive impact on business strategy, tactics, or operations

40. Database-Driven Web Sites
Two main uses for databases in Web sites
Customize Web site to the user. Our class site is an example.
Expose internal data about customers to customers.

41. Outline Introduction to Data Management
Basic Concepts
Data Modeling and Database Models
Translating business models to database models
Database Management Systems
The software
Recent Developments
New applications for database