1. Intepreting What You Read

2. How do you MAKE an INFERENCE?
What you
SEE (Textual/Visual Evidence)
What you already
KNOW
(Prior Knowledge)
Your INFERENCE (Conclusion/ Prediction)
Explain to students that this activity involves making inferences, which they do regularly, maybe without even knowing it
Explain that drawing conclusions about something is also making an inference:
Making inferences is like a basic math problem:
What you see (textual /visual evidence) + what you already know (prior knowledge) = your inference/conclusion—even a prediction!
Another way of making an inference: “ It Says…I Say…And So” Process

3. How do you make inferences?
Take what you SEE
(textual/visual evidence)
Add it to what you ALREADY KNOW
(prior knowledge)
Making an INFERENCE includes…
Drawing a CONCLUSION/GENERALIZATION
Also—making a PREDICTION
Explain to students that this activity involves making inferences, which they do regularly, maybe without even knowing it
Explain that drawing conclusions about something is also making an inference:
Making inferences is like a basic math problem:
What you see (textual /visual evidence) + what you already know (prior knowledge) = your inference/conclusion…even a prediction!
Another way of making an inference: “ It Says…I Say…And So” Process

4. Making Inferences Practice!
For each image you see, use the INFERENCE PROCESS
to make an inference…

5. Your INFERENCE (Conclusion/Prediction):
What you
SEE:
What you already
KNOW:
Your INFERENCE (Conclusion/Prediction):

6. Imagine this bumper sticker on the back of a car—
What can you infer about the car’s owner?
(bumper sticker)
Imagine this bumper sticker on the back of a car—
What can you INFER about the car’s owner?

7. Imagine this bumper sticker on the back of the SAME car--
What ELSE can you INFER about the car’s owner?

8. Imagine THIS bumper sticker, too—on the back of the SAME car…
What ELSE can you INFER about the car’s owner?

9. Here’s a picture of the CAR’S OWNER:
cc licensed flickr photo by greggoconnell:
Here’s a picture of the car’s owner:
What can you infer from this picture about the owner?
Where do you think his car is parked?
Here’s a picture of the CAR’S OWNER:
What can you INFER about the owner from this picture?
WHERE do you think his car is PARKED?

10. Making Inferences with TEXT
While reading the following chapter excerpt, use the INFERENCE PROCESS to make inferences about what you read…

11. Book Cover INFERENCE before reading!
Make a
Book Cover INFERENCE before reading!
Have students read the chapter excerpt on the screen while listening to the Chapter 1 audio file.
After t
Look at this book’s cover—and make some inferences: -What type of story do you think it is? (genre) -What might it be about? (plot)

12. Making Inferences about the TEXT:
How did your predictions (from the book cover) compare to what the book is about so far?
What do you think is going to happen next?

13. Prediction and Inference:

14. What is prediction?
A prediction is what you think will happen based upon the text, the author, and background knowledge.
Prediction is an educated guess as to what will happen.

15. What is inference?
Inference is reading all of the clues and making your best guess.
Inference is similar to prediction but they are not the same.
When inferring, you are using all clues to draw conclusions about what is being read.

16. What is the difference between prediction and inference?
When you make predictions, your prediction will be proven by the end of the story. When inferring, you may or may not know the answer to your question by the end of the story.
When predicting, you are focusing on what will happen in the story. When inferring, you are making a guess about what a character will do, how a character feels, and other judgments.
Prediction = answered by the end of the story
Inference = may or may not be answered by the end of the story

17. When do you make predictions?
As a reader, you can make predictions a text BEFORE reading.
As a reader, you can make predictions a text DURING reading.
In other words, make predictions before and during reading.

18. When do you make inferences?
As a reader, you can make inferences DURING reading.
As a reader, you need to ask yourself questions as you read and make inferences based on what you have read. These inferences may not be about what will happen next.

19. How do you make predictions?
Ask yourself what is going to happen next in the story.
Ask yourself what else could happen in the story.
To make predictions before and during reading, you must question yourself.

20. How do you make inferences?
Inferences are made by questioning during the story.
Ask yourself about why a character does something, how a character feels, etc.
To make an inference during reading, you must question yourself.

21. Questions to predicting in a text?
What is happening in the story?
What will happen next?
What clues have led you to think that?
What else could happen next?

22. Questions to inferring in a text?
What will happen next and why?
What clues have led you to think that?
Why did that character do that?
How does that character feel?
Why did the author write this story?
Inference allows for many more questions than prediction.

23. Your turn to predict and infer the text.
At this point, a selected text will be read to the class. Be sure to pause as you read the text to allow for students to turn and talk. Show the next slide while reading the text.

24. Now your turn to predict/make inferences about the text.
Turn to a partner and discuss the text.
Be sure to make a prediction about what will happen next.
Be sure to make an inference about why a character may have done something.
Remember, predicting and inferring are ways to make sure you understand a text.

25. Conclusion
Inferring requires the reader to ask questions during reading. Predicting requires the reader to ask questions before and during reading.
Making inferences/predictions are a way to check for understanding.
Making inferences/predictions require the use of additional strategies to ensure comprehension.
Your prediction will be proven/disproved by the end of the reading. Your inference may or may not be proven.

26. Observations and Inferences
Warm up?
Look at the drawing.
What do you notice and what do you think happened?

27. Observations and
Inferences
How does your story change?

28. Observations and
Inferences
How does your story change?

29. Observations and Inferences What do you observe? What do you infer?
Compare what you think now
to your earlier written accounts.

30. Observations and Inferences
Observations are what you notice
Inferences are your reactions, thoughts or explanations

31. Write one observation.
Write one inference

32. Write one observation.
Write one inference

33. Write one observation.
Write one inference

34. Write one observation.
Write one inference

35. Write one observation.
Write one inference

36. Write one observation.
Write one inference

37. Write one observation.
Write one inference

38. Write one observation.
Write one inference

39. What the difference is between an observation and an inference.
Summary
What the difference is between an observation and an inference.
How people can have different inferences about the same observations.

40. End of Slides Any Questions? If not, Class is Dismissed