2. DECLINE AND FALL OF THE SOVIET EMPIRE CREATION OF THE STATE OF ISRAEL

3. THE BERLIN WALL

5. NATO AND THE WARSAW PACT Soviets squashed all rebellions in their “puppet states” · Warsaw pact looked to capitalism with envy. Hottest item on the black market –Levi’s jeans!

6. Communism and the Satellite Nations Prague Spring, 1968 –In 1964, the new Soviet leader, Brezhnev, started a new more repressive regime both in the USSR and the Soviet satellites. –In 1968, Czech leader Alexander Dubcek tried to create “socialism with a human face” - and loosened controls over the people to allow more freedom. –The USSR regarded the Prague Spring as a revolt against their control and invaded Czechoslovakia in August.

7. Workers had no incentive to work, farmers didn’t farm on collectives. ---Rampant alcoholism. · Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev began a policy called glasnost, in which he allowed more freedom of speech and the press.

8. Ronald Reagan Called the Soviet Union an “Evil Empire” and increased Military spending Soviets could not afford this new arms race. Reagan’s actions contribute to Soviet Collapse “Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!!!”

9. Mikhail Gorbachev Saw that the Soviet Union’s people were falling behind the West in terms of standard of living Ended the expensive arms race by treaty with U.S. Sent a clear message to Satellite countries that Russia would not use force to keep communists governments in power Peaceful revolutions drove the communists out and ended the cold war

10. The Soviets refused to use their military to put down revolt’s in Satellite States East Berliners rallied and started to dismantle the Berlin wall. The East German dictator’s soldiers refused to stop them

11. · As a result, fifteen Soviet republics gained their independence. Post-Soviet states in alphabetical order: 1. Armenia; 2. Azerbaijan; 3. Belarus; 4. Estonia; 5. Georgia; 6. Kazakhstan; 7. Kyrgyzstan; 8. Latvia; 9. Lithuania; 10. Moldova; 11. Russia; 12. Tajikistan; 13. Turkmenistan; 14. Ukraine; 15. UzbekistanArmeniaAzerbaijan BelarusEstoniaGeorgiaKazakhstanKyrgyzstanLatviaLithuaniaMoldovaRussiaTajikistanTurkmenistanUkraineUzbekistan

12. Conflict in Palestine A movement to settle Jews into Palestine began in the late 1800’s –Jews believed that it was their home because it had belonged to them thousands of years ago –However, Muslims had lived there for the past thousand years Britain gained control of the area following WWI and stated in interest in creating a Jewish nation there. –This became known as the Balfour Declaration A movement to settle Jews into Palestine began in the late 1800’s –Jews believed that it was their home because it had belonged to them thousands of years ago –However, Muslims had lived there for the past thousand years Britain gained control of the area following WWI and stated in interest in creating a Jewish nation there. –This became known as the Balfour Declaration

13. Israel Divided After World War II, Britain left the area and the United Nations divided the area into two sections, one each for Jews and Palestinians –Islamic nations opposed the plan, as did the Palestinians –In 1948, the Jews in Palestine declared the Jewish Nation of Israel –Six neighboring Islamic nations attacked Israel the very next day –With help from the United States, Israel was able to fight off these Islamic nations After World War II, Britain left the area and the United Nations divided the area into two sections, one each for Jews and Palestinians –Islamic nations opposed the plan, as did the Palestinians –In 1948, the Jews in Palestine declared the Jewish Nation of Israel –Six neighboring Islamic nations attacked Israel the very next day –With help from the United States, Israel was able to fight off these Islamic nations

14. Peace is Never Truly Reached Despite many efforts to achieve peace, Israel and the Palestinians have failed to do so. –Palestine wants its land back –The PLO, Palestinian Liberation Organization led by Yasir Arafat has worked to gain freedom for Palestinian people The struggle continues today Despite many efforts to achieve peace, Israel and the Palestinians have failed to do so. –Palestine wants its land back –The PLO, Palestinian Liberation Organization led by Yasir Arafat has worked to gain freedom for Palestinian people The struggle continues today

15. Israel Today – The Religious Battle Church of the Holy Sepulchre – Christians believe it is the location where Jesus was eventually buried Dome on the Rock – Muslim Temple - believed to be the second holiest place on Earth and the site where Muhammad ascended into Heaven Wailing Wall – The remainder of the Holy Temple for Jewish believers.

16. The War Continues in Israel In 1967, the Six Day War broke out when Israel attacked Egypt and her Arab allies. –It was a pre-emptive strike as it looked as if Arab invasion was imminent. –Israel quickly defeated the Arab states (even with Soviet support). In 1973, Egyptian leader Anwar Sadat attacked Israel –During the Holy celebration of Yom Kippur –Israel Prime Minister Golda Meir responded and Israel regained their territory In 1967, the Six Day War broke out when Israel attacked Egypt and her Arab allies. –It was a pre-emptive strike as it looked as if Arab invasion was imminent. –Israel quickly defeated the Arab states (even with Soviet support). In 1973, Egyptian leader Anwar Sadat attacked Israel –During the Holy celebration of Yom Kippur –Israel Prime Minister Golda Meir responded and Israel regained their territory

17. Palestine Loses Their Land to Jews

18. Problems Solved (sort of) In 1977, Egypt and Israel signed the Camp David Accords –Israel gave land back to Egypt  Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty (1979) –Egypt recognized Israel, the first Islamic nation to do so This angered many Arabs and Sadat was assassinated in 1981 In 1977, Egypt and Israel signed the Camp David Accords –Israel gave land back to Egypt  Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty (1979) –Egypt recognized Israel, the first Islamic nation to do so This angered many Arabs and Sadat was assassinated in 1981 Anwar Sadat, Jimmy Carter, and Menahem at the Camp David Accords document signing