1. Why do most kitchens have a junk drawer?
Junk drawers hold miscellaneous items that don’t quite belong anywhere else.
Scientists discovered a group of species that didn’t quite belong to the kingdoms of life…
Species that are eukaryotic, but not plant, animal, or fungus?

2. Kingdom Protista

3. Protists Kingdom Protista is the “junk drawer” kingdom…
Eukaryotic species are classified as protists when they don’t belong anywhere else.
Protists are a very diverse group of organisms containing over 200,000 species.

4. What are protists? All protists are eukaryotes:
Have a nucleus
Contain membrane-bound organelles
Any eukaryote that doesn’t fit as a plant, animal, or fungus is characterized as a protist.

5. Protist Classification
Protists can be classified into 3 categories:
Heterotrophs: Animal-Like Protists
Decomposers & Parasites:
Fungus-Like Protists
Autotrophs:
Plant-Like Protists

6. Animal-Like Protists - Protozoa
Means “first animals”
All unicellular
Classified by movement-type

7. Protozoa Zooflagellates – use flagella to move
A tail that whips back & forth
Notice: 8 flagella and 2 nuclei
Giardiasis is an infection of the small intestine caused by a microscopic organism (protozoa), Giardia lamblia.
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
Giardiasis outbreaks can occur in communities in both developed and developing countries where water supplies become contaminated with raw sewage.
It can be contracted by drinking water from lakes or streams where water-dwelling animals such as beavers and muskrats, or domestic animals such as sheep, have caused contamination. It is also spread by direct person-to-person contact, which has caused outbreaks in institutions such as day care centers.
Travelers are at risk for giardiasis throughout the world. Campers and hikers are at risk if they drink untreated water from streams and lakes.
The symptoms of Giardia, which may begin to appear 1–2 weeks after infection, include diarrhea, excess gas, stomach or abdominal cramps, upset stomach, and nausea. Resulting dehydration and nutritional loss may need immediate treatment. The typical infection within an individual can be slight, resolves without treatment, and lasts between 2–6 weeks. Medication containing tinidazole or metronidazole decrease symptoms and time to resolution.
Giardia lamblia

8. Protozoa 2. Sarcodines – use pseudopods to move
Pseudopods are an extension of cytoplasm
Notice: 8 flagella and 2 nuclei
Giardiasis is an infection of the small intestine caused by a microscopic organism (protozoa), Giardia lamblia.
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
Giardiasis outbreaks can occur in communities in both developed and developing countries where water supplies become contaminated with raw sewage.
It can be contracted by drinking water from lakes or streams where water-dwelling animals such as beavers and muskrats, or domestic animals such as sheep, have caused contamination. It is also spread by direct person-to-person contact, which has caused outbreaks in institutions such as day care centers.
Travelers are at risk for giardiasis throughout the world. Campers and hikers are at risk if they drink untreated water from streams and lakes.
The symptoms of Giardia, which may begin to appear 1–2 weeks after infection, include diarrhea, excess gas, stomach or abdominal cramps, upset stomach, and nausea. Resulting dehydration and nutritional loss may need immediate treatment. The typical infection within an individual can be slight, resolves without treatment, and lasts between 2–6 weeks. Medication containing tinidazole or metronidazole decrease symptoms and time to resolution.

9. Protozoa 3. Ciliates – use cilia to move Like small hairs
Notice: 8 flagella and 2 nuclei
Giardiasis is an infection of the small intestine caused by a microscopic organism (protozoa), Giardia lamblia.
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
Giardiasis outbreaks can occur in communities in both developed and developing countries where water supplies become contaminated with raw sewage.
It can be contracted by drinking water from lakes or streams where water-dwelling animals such as beavers and muskrats, or domestic animals such as sheep, have caused contamination. It is also spread by direct person-to-person contact, which has caused outbreaks in institutions such as day care centers.
Travelers are at risk for giardiasis throughout the world. Campers and hikers are at risk if they drink untreated water from streams and lakes.
The symptoms of Giardia, which may begin to appear 1–2 weeks after infection, include diarrhea, excess gas, stomach or abdominal cramps, upset stomach, and nausea. Resulting dehydration and nutritional loss may need immediate treatment. The typical infection within an individual can be slight, resolves without treatment, and lasts between 2–6 weeks. Medication containing tinidazole or metronidazole decrease symptoms and time to resolution.

10. Malaria is caused by the sporozoan Plasmodium.
Protozoa
4. Sporozoans – do not move on their own
Parasitic to animals
Malaria is caused by the sporozoan Plasmodium.
Notice: 8 flagella and 2 nuclei
Giardiasis is an infection of the small intestine caused by a microscopic organism (protozoa), Giardia lamblia.
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
Giardiasis outbreaks can occur in communities in both developed and developing countries where water supplies become contaminated with raw sewage.
It can be contracted by drinking water from lakes or streams where water-dwelling animals such as beavers and muskrats, or domestic animals such as sheep, have caused contamination. It is also spread by direct person-to-person contact, which has caused outbreaks in institutions such as day care centers.
Travelers are at risk for giardiasis throughout the world. Campers and hikers are at risk if they drink untreated water from streams and lakes.
The symptoms of Giardia, which may begin to appear 1–2 weeks after infection, include diarrhea, excess gas, stomach or abdominal cramps, upset stomach, and nausea. Resulting dehydration and nutritional loss may need immediate treatment. The typical infection within an individual can be slight, resolves without treatment, and lasts between 2–6 weeks. Medication containing tinidazole or metronidazole decrease symptoms and time to resolution.

11. Plant-Like Protists - Algae
Protists that contain chlorophyll & other pigments for photosynthesis
Can be multicellular or unicellular
Notice: 8 flagella and 2 nuclei
Giardiasis is an infection of the small intestine caused by a microscopic organism (protozoa), Giardia lamblia.
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
Giardiasis outbreaks can occur in communities in both developed and developing countries where water supplies become contaminated with raw sewage.
It can be contracted by drinking water from lakes or streams where water-dwelling animals such as beavers and muskrats, or domestic animals such as sheep, have caused contamination. It is also spread by direct person-to-person contact, which has caused outbreaks in institutions such as day care centers.
Travelers are at risk for giardiasis throughout the world. Campers and hikers are at risk if they drink untreated water from streams and lakes.
The symptoms of Giardia, which may begin to appear 1–2 weeks after infection, include diarrhea, excess gas, stomach or abdominal cramps, upset stomach, and nausea. Resulting dehydration and nutritional loss may need immediate treatment. The typical infection within an individual can be slight, resolves without treatment, and lasts between 2–6 weeks. Medication containing tinidazole or metronidazole decrease symptoms and time to resolution.

12. Multicellular Algae Include seaweeds & kelp
3 types of multicellular algae:
Red Algae
Brown Algae
Green Algae

13. Red Algae Contain green & red pigments Role/Function:
Deeper sea, great at harvesting light
Help form coral reefs
Some used in foods & to make agar

14. Brown Algae Contain green & brown pigments Role/Function:
Form large habitats in aquatic ecosystems
Used in some food

15. Green Algae Green pigments Role/Function:
Some form symbiotic relationships with other organisms (lichens).
Spirogyra

16. Unicellular Plant-Like Protists
Euglenophytes
Chrysophytes
Diatoms
Dinoflagellates

17. What do you think it is used for?
Euglenophytes
2 Flagella
No cell wall
Contain chloroplasts
Eyespot!
What do you think it is used for?

18. Eyespot in Euglenophytes
The eyespot is used to locate the light needed for photosynthesis.
It’s not actually used for “seeing”, but instead contains pigments that are sensitive to the light.
Eyespot!

19. Unicellular Plant-Like Protists
Chrysophytes: golden algae
Diatoms: most abundant, cell walls made of silica

20. Dinoflagellates
Half of their life is photosynthetic, other half is heterotrophic
Cause the Red Tide
Red Tide is an algal bloom that causes marine life to die due to toxins & lack of oxygen in the water.

22. Speed Round! On notebook paper (share!)

23. 1. What type of protist causes malaria?

24. 2. What type of protist is kelp?

25. 3. What type of protists have eyespots?

26. 4. How does this protist move?

27. 5. What protists cause red tide?