1. Protists

2. Characteristics: eukaryotic mostly unicellular
may be plant-like, animal-like, or fungus-like
in mode of nutrition (how they get food)

3. A. Animal-like protists
protozoans – “first animals”
heterotrophic
classified by locomotive structures (how they move)

4. Animal-like protists Phylum Ciliophora – ciliates
-move by cilia – short, bristle-like structures for locomotion
-use cilia to sweep in food
-most free-living, some parasitic
-ex: Paramecium (see p. 469)

5. Animal-like protists Phylum Sarcodina
-move by pseudopods – “false feet”, by
pushing cytoplasm in certain direction
-have no definite shape
-uses pseudopods to get food by phagocytosis
-ex: Amoeba, radiolarians, heliozoans, foraminiferans see p. 464

6. Animal-like protists Phylum Zooflagellata – zooflagellates
-use flagella – whiplike tails for locomotion
-many parasitic; get food by absorption or
phagocytosis
-ex: Trichonympha – lives in termite gut
Trypanosoma – lives in Tsetse fly; causes African sleeping sickness

7. Animal-like protists Phylum Sporozoa -all parasitic -no locomotion
-complex life cycles with more than one host
-ex: Plasmodium – causes malaria

8. B. Plant-like protists algae autotrophic by photosynthesis
contain chlorophyll
classified by cell wall components

9. Plant-like protists Phylum Euglenophyta
-use flagella or crawl in “euglenoid movement”
-has flexible pellicle – thick membrane for
protection
-lives in fresh or salt water
-photosynthetic, but if no light available, can
be heterotrophic
-no cell wall
-ex: Euglena (see p. 467)

10. Plant-like protists Phylum Pyrrophyta – “fire algae” -use 2 flagella
-have thick, armored plates
-most marine (salt water) dwellers
-cellulose cell walls
-many are luminescent – give off light
-ex: dinoflagellates – cause red tide

12. Plant-like protists Phylum Chrysophyta – golden algae
-solitary or colonial
-float in water
-contain oil as food storage
-marine or fresh water
-cell walls of silica
-ex: diatoms – used in toothpaste
(see p. 466)

13. C. Fungus-like protists
Phylum Acrasiomycota – cellular slime molds
-complex life cycles
-food by phagocytosis/absorption
-independent cells that work together to form
asexual reproductive structures
-cellulose cell walls
-ex: Dictyostelium (see p. 470)

14. Fungus-like protists 2) Phylum Myxomycota – plasmodial slime molds
-food by phagocytosis/absorption
-produce structures called plasmodia that
have thousands of nuclei in one large cell and
crawls around to get food
-ex. Physarum

15. How do protists affect us?
Beneficial
decomposers
major food source in aquatic food chains
used as abrasives in toothpaste
food source
used in many foods

16. How do protists affect us?
Harmful
cause disease (malaria, African sleeping sickness)
cause red tide
kill crops