1. Kingdom- Protista (protists)
Common Characteristics of all protists:
-cell type-eukaryote
-unicellular and multicellular
-microscopic
-live in moist environment

2. Protists are grouped into categories based on the way they feed
1. protozoans-animal-like protists
-feed by ingestion
-all are unicellular
2. algae- plant-like protists
-make own food by photosynthesis (autotroph)
-unicellular and multicellular
3. slime molds and mildew- feed by decomposition

3. Major Roles of Protists
Algae (plant-like protist) is the base of the aquatic food chain
Slime molds decompose and recycle nutrients
Causes many diseases (ex. Malaria)

4. Protozoans (animal-like protists)
Includes 4 main groups:
1. Amoebas – have no definate shape
-have extensions of the cytoplasm
called pseudopodia
(used to move and feed)
-most live in saltwater and must constantly take in water to dilute the salt and pump excess out in vacuoles
-most reproduce asexually (1 parent produces an offspring identical to parent)

5. 2. flagellates- have flagella. -move by whipping the tail
2. flagellates- have flagella -move by whipping the tail -are beneficial and harmful 3.ciliates- have cila (short hair-like extensions) -live in aquatic areas (ex. Paramecium) sporozoans-produce spores -spores-reproductive cell that forms without fertilization and produces new offsprings -live inside a host such as the intestines or blood (these are the ones that cause disease like malaria) -all are parasites

6. Algae (plant-like protists)
-unicellular and multicellular
phytoplankton (unicellular)
-a major producer of nutrients and oxygen in the aquatic ecosystem
-base of the aquatic food chain
multicellular plant protists are much like a plant but lack roots, stems, leaves

7. 6 algae phyla: 1. euglenoids-unicellular, aquatic
-feed like an animal and plant
2. diatoms-golden algae –unicellular
-have shells that have the pigment carotenoid that gives it a gold color
-store food as oil
-organisms that eat these have a oily taste
-as these die, their shells sink to the bottom and are mined and used as abrasives such as in toothpaste
3. dinoflagellates-several produce toxins and some are lethal
-red tide –due to numerous dynoflagellates with reddish color (40-60 million/liter of water)
-cannot harvest shellfish during red tide because their tissue may have the toxins in it

8. 4. Red algae- marine seaweed -body area of these is called the thallus -have a pigment called phycobilins-green, blue, violet color 5. brown algae (kelp) -live on rocky coast of ocean floor -the chlorophyll in it is yellow brown called fucaxanthin -many have air bladders that help it to float -food habitat for marine organisms 6. green algae -has the major pigment chlorophyll -can reproduce by fragmentation (breaks off and each piece can grow a new organism)

9. -includes slime molds, water molds and downy mildews
Fungi-like protists
-includes slime molds, water molds and downy mildews
-the decompose like fungi but do not have all the characteristics of fungi

10. 3 phyla of fungus-like protist:
1. slime molds
2. water molds
3. downy mildew

11. Slime molds: Exist in many colors Live in cool, moist, shady areas
Grow on organic matter like rotting leaves and stumps
Reproduce similar to fungi (release spores)

12. Water molds: Liver in water or moist places
Most feed on dead organic matter
Appear as fuzzy growths on decaying matter

13. Downy mildew:
Causes many plant diseases because they are plant parasites