1. The Scarlet Letter Nathaniel Hawthorne

2. Family Child of Nathaniel Hawthorne and Betsy Clarke Manning Grandson of Judge John Hathorne Married Sophia Peabody

3. Salem Custom House Worked here from 1846-1849 Lost job when a Whig administration was elected

4. The Scarlet Letter Published in 1850 Good historical accuracy Hester, Pearl, Chillingworth and Dimmesdale are the fictional characters Reflects Puritan society Hawthorne’s guilt over his ancestral connection to the Salem Witchcraft Trials

5. Puritanism Puritans were people who sought to “purify” the church Left England seeking religious freedom Puritan is not a synonym for Pilgrim Government is a theocracy Take a pessimistic outlook on life Value plainness in all things

6. Contributions Established Harvard University in 1636 Set up first printing press in 1638 Set up free public schools 1647 Published the New England Primer to teach spelling, reading, and moralistic teachings in 1690 Puritan Work Ethic: Goodness comes from hard work and self discipline

7. Puritan Tenets Religious: Yes Prime Mover: God; all powerful; good, just, wrathful Universe: Creation of God; predestined, unknowable Man: God’s creature; not an animal Nature: Created by God, but often hostile, evil, and a source of temptation

8. Tenets Cont. Human Nature: Corrupted by Original Sin Source of Evil: Man’s nature (Adam’s fall) Attitude toward Life: Deterministic (predestination) Man’s Will: Not free Man’s Duty: Faith; the glorification of God, and preparation for after life

9. Tenets Cont. Social Attitude: Obedience to authority, spiritual stewardship of all men Man’s Destiny: Election or reprobation How Determined: Will of God Original Sin: Man is utterly corrupt who can be regenerated only by God’s grace

10. Predestination God has pre-determined where your afterlife will be prior to your birth Covenant of Grace: Miracle by which God grants some people the ability to truly love Covenant of Work: Work hard and have self discipline and you will achieve goodness