1. By: Alesia Robinson

2. The History of the Calculator The very first calculator was the Abacus It was invented in Babylonia in 3000 BC It has wooden beds along a wire or thin wooden stick to represent numbers Also helps students with memorization

3. 1642 Pascal 1885 Comptometer Dorr Felt 1946 Casio 1985 1 st graphing calculator 1961 1 st electronic desktop calculator 3000 BC Abacus 1972 1 st handheld Scientific calculator 1924 1 st program mable calculator 2007 40 th anniversary of Texas Instruments

4. Pascal & Dorr Felt

5. Casio & 1 st Graphing Calculator

6. 1 st Electric Desktop Calculator & 1 st Handheld Scientific Calculator

7. 1 st Programmable Calculator and Texas Instruments

8. Calculator Functions Stats Addition, Subtraction, Division, Multiplication ⁺⁻∕∙ Percentages % Square roots, 3 rd roots √ Pi Natural Logarithm, Natural Anti-Logarithm Recall Memory

9. Effects of Calculators on Students Positive effects on students who know basic math More fun, able to do more problems w/ less errors learn how to do more calculator functions Negative effects on students who do not know basic math become dependent on calculators

10. Area of Interaction Human Ingenuity- Why do we create things? The calculator was created to make mathematical functions easier. It was also created to do more functions with more numbers than the Abacus.

11. Bibliography Author not given. Timeline 1600-2010, (n.d.)Google, September 9, 2010 [http://www.google.com/#q=history+of+calculators&hl=en 8prmd=iv8tbs=ti] Author not given. Calculator Functions, (n.d.) Functions, September 9, 2010 [http://www.dur.ac.vk/stat.web/functions.htm] Author not given. Calculators Okay In Math Class, If Students Know the Facts First, Study Finds,(8/20/09)Science Daily, September 10, 2010 [http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/08/080819160 203.htm]

12. Bibliography Continued… Redin, James. A Brief History of Mechanical Calculators, (November 22, 2007) History of Calculators, September 8, 2010 [http://www.xnumber.com/xnumber/mechanical1.htm] Knight, Alex. Electronic Calculator History & Technology Museum, (n.d.) Classic Calculators, September 9, 2010 [http://www.classiccmp.org/calcmuseum/calc.htm] Image 01 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abacushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abacus Image 02 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascal’s_calculatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascal’s_calculator Image 03 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/calculator

13. Bibliography Continued… Image 04 & 05 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casio Image 06 & 07 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmable_calculato r http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmable_calculato r Image 08 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Figurematic- 10SDX.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Figurematic- 10SDX.jpg Image 09 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comptometer#Felt_.26_ Tarrant_Manufacturing_Company http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comptometer#Felt_.26_ Tarrant_Manufacturing_Company

14. Bibliography Continued… Image 10 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_Texas_I nstruments_graphing_calculators http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_Texas_I nstruments_graphing_calculators