1. Climate and Terrestrial Biodiversity G. Tyler Miller’s Living in the Environment 14 th Edition Chapter 6 G. Tyler Miller’s Living in the Environment 14 th Edition Chapter 6

2. Key Concepts  Factors influencing weather  Factors influencing climate  Effect of climate on distribution of biomes  Characteristics of major biome types

3. Weather: A Brief Introduction  Weather  Warm front  Cold front  Weather extremes Fig. 6-2 p. 102

4. Climate  Temperature  Precipitation  Uneven heating  Seasons  Earth’s rotation  Properties of air and water Fig. 6-5 p. 105

5. Seasons Fig. 6-7 p. 106

6. Air Circulation Fig. 6-10, p. 107 Fig. 6-8, p. 107 Click to view animation. Click to view animation.

7. Short-Term Climate Changes: ENSO Fig. 6-12 p. 108

8. Greenhouse Effect  Greenhouse gases Fig. 6-14 p. 110 Click to view animation.

9. Rain Shadow Effect  Microclimates Fig. 6-15 p. 110

10. Biomes: Climate and Life on Land  Relationship between latitude and altitude  Desert Biomes  Grassland, Tundra and Chaparral Biomes  Forest Biomes  Mountain Biomes

11. Mountain Ice and snow Altitude Tundra (herbs, lichens, mosses) Coniferous Forest Tropical Forest Deciduous Forest Tropical Forest Deciduous Forest Coniferous Forest Tundra (herbs, lichens, mosses) Polar ice and snow Latitude

12. Normal Conditions Cold water Warm water Thermocline SOUTH AMERICA Warm waters pushed westward AUSTRALIA EQUATOR Surface winds blow westward

13. El Niño Unusually warm periods Unusually high rainfall Drought Figu re 6- 13 Pag e 109

14. El Niño Conditions Cold water Thermocline Warm water Warm water deepens off South America SOUTH AMERICA Warm water flow stopped or reversed AUSTRALIA EQUATOR Drought in Australia and Southeast Asia Winds weaken, causing updrafts and storms

15. Biomes: Latitude and Altitude Fig. 6-18 p. 112 Refer to Fig. 6-17 p. 112

16. Desert Biomes  Tropical deserts Refer to Fig. 6-20 p. 114  Temperate deserts  Cold deserts

17. Grassland, Tundra, and Chaparral Biomes  Tropical grasslands and Savannas  Temperate grasslands  Polar grasslands (Arctic tundra)  Permafrost  Alpine tundra  Chaparral Refer to Figs. 6-23, 6-24, and 6-25 pp. 116-119

18. Forest Biomes  Tropical rainforest  Temperate deciduous forest  Evergreen coniferous forest (boreal forest)  Temperate rain forest Refer to Figs. 6-29, 6-30, 6-31, and 6-32 pp. 121-124

19. Mountain Biomes  Mimic latitude  Islands of biodiversity