1. Metaphor 1. A figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison, as in “a sea of troubles” or “All the world's a stage” (Shakespeare).

2. Simile A comparison using like or as As pale as the moon

3. Metaphor or Simile The goalkeeper was like a rock. The goalkeeper was a rock.

4. Personification Gives human characteristics to objects, ideas, abstractions, or animals. –The mountains and hills break forth into singing –All the trees of the field clap their hands

5. Metonymy An expression in which a related thing stands for the thing itself. "The suits on Wall Street walked off with most of our savings.” "We have always remained loyal to the crown.” “He is a man of the cloth"

6. In metonymic transference of meaning there may be: 1. The name of a receptacle used for its contents or the container for the thing contained: e.g. He ate three dishes/plates; the hall was applauding;

7. 2. the name of a place used for its inhabitants; e.g. city, village; 3. The name of an instrument used for its function: e.g. the best pen of the day; 4) The sign for the thing signified: e.g. gray hair (old man) should he respected; from the cradle to the grave (from childhood to death);

8. Synecdoche An expression in which a part stands for the whole –The ship was lost with all hands –His parents bought him a new set of wheels