1. Carbon & Polymers

2. Review... 1.Why does the carbon atom model have 4 holes? 2.What is so special about carbon?

3. Carbon ●Living organisms are made up mostly of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen. These elements make up 96.3% of human body weight! ●Ability to form strong and stable covalent bonds (can form 4) ●Can bond to oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous, and sulfur ●Can form very long chains (single, double, triple bond) ●Can form rings ●There are two main kinds of chemical compounds: Organic and inorganic

4. Inorganic V.S. Organic Compounds Inorganic CompoundsOrganic Compounds Do not contain carbon (except: carbon dioxide) Contain carbon! Living things can contain many inorganic compounds Caron is very unique: can form 4 single bonds, can make very long chains and rings Examples: Water (H2O) and ammonia (NH3) Example: Protein, nucleic acids, saccharides (sugars)...

5. Butane

6. Carbon forms rings, too.. ●-Benzene ring (Clear, flammable liquid. Used to be used as an industrial solvent ●What other rings?

7. How are these chains & Rings formed? ●Polymerization - process by which large compounds are made from small compounds ●Polymer: Larger compound formed by small units called monomers ●Monomer: Smaller compounds that join to form polymers

8. How are polymers formed? ●Polymers are formed through dehydration reactions (removing water) ●Polymers are broken through hydration reactions (adding water)

9. Dehydration Synthesis