1. INTRODUCTION TO GENETICS
The science of inheritance
Parents and offspring
heredity is the set of characteristics an organism receives from his parents

2. INTRODUCTION TO GENETICS

3. INTRODUCTION TO GENETICS
Gregor Mendel
worked with peas
discovered 7 traits in true breeding pea plants
F1 generation
F2 generation

4. INTRODUCTION TO GENETICS
Gene functional unit that controls inherited trait expression that is passed on from one generation to the next
Dominant allele a specific trait that appears in the F1 generation
Denoted with a capital letter

5. INTRODUCTION TO GENETICS
Recessive allele a specific trait that is masked in the F1 generation
Denoted with a small letter
Homozygous organism with two of the same alleles for a specific trait

6. INTRODUCTION TO GENETICS
Heterozygous organism with two different alleles for a specific trait
Hybrid organism heterozygous for a specific trait

7. INTRODUCTION TO GENETICS

8. INTRODUCTION TO GENETICS
Segregation
A process that separates the two alleles
Independent assortment

9. INTRODUCTION TO GENETICS
Mendel’s principles
individual units, called genes, determine biological characteristics
For each gene, an organism receives one allele from each parent.

10. INTRODUCTION TO GENETICS
if an organism inherits different alleles for the same trait, one allele may be dominant over the other
some genes segregate independently

11. INTRODUCTION TO GENETICS
TURN AND TALK Explain dominance, segregation, and independent assortment.

12. INTRODUCTION TO GENETICS
Meiosis
Chromosomes
Forming gametes
haploid and diploid cells
Haploid having one copy of each chromosome
Diploid having two copies of each chromosome

13. INTRODUCTION TO GENETICS
Phases of meiosis
Have students reproduce chart on pg 133 of book.
Meiosis and genetic diversity
chromosome combinations (pg 134 in book)

14. INTRODUCTION TO GENETICS
Crossing over exchange of chromosomal segments between a pair of homologous chromosomes during prophase I

15. INTRODUCTION TO GENETICS
TURN AND TALK Explain how crossing over increases genetic diversity.

16. INTRODUCTION TO GENETICS
Analyzing inheritance
Probability
Probability and genetics

17. INTRODUCTION TO GENETICS
A closer look at heredity
Incomplete dominance complex heritance pattern in which the heterozygous phenotype is intermediate between two heterozygous parents

18. INTRODUCTION TO GENETICS
Co-dominance complex inheritance pattern that occurs when neither allele is dominant and both alleles are expressed

19. INTRODUCTION TO GENETICS
Polygenic traits characteristic, such as eye color or skin color, that results from the interaction of multiple gene pairs