1. BASELINE PREDICTORS OF THREE TYPES OF ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY (ART) ADHERENCE: A 2-YEAR FOLLOW-UP Nilsson Schönnesson L. 1 Diamond P. 2 Ross MW. 2 Williams M. 2 Bratt G. 1 1 Gay Men’s Health Clinic, Infectious Disease Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Department Karolinska Institute/South Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden 2 Center for Health Promotion and Prevention Research, School of Public HealthUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, U.S.A.

2. Purposes: 1.to measure patient ART adherence to dose, schedule, and dietary instructions over a two-year period; 2.to identify predictors of the three types of adherence

3. Potential predictors of three types of adherence (dose, schedule, and dietary instructions) Intra-personal factors Inter-personal factors Extra-personal factors Psychological factors 1. Psychological distress Depressive symptoms; Anxiety symptoms; HopelessnessSupport Patient-doctor relationship; Satisfaction with social support; External medication demands SociodemographicsGender;Age; Sexual preference; Partner status; Education;Work; Years since HIV diagnosis 2. Stressors HIV-stress; Life stress Biomedical factors CD4;HIV-RNA; AIDS diagnosis 3. Coping Resiliency;Avoidance Medication regimen NRTI + PI; NNRTI+NRTI;NNRTI+NRTI+PI;NRTI Number of pills; Number of drugs; Time being on ART; Medication adverse side effects Cognitive factors HIV severity; ART health concerns; ART benefits; Adherence self-efficacy

4. Table 1 Baseline demographic and medication regimen characteristics of patients (n = 144) Characteristics% Gender Female Female Male Male2278 Age29-3839-4849-5859>274124 8 Sexual preference Homosexual Homosexual Bisexual Bisexual Heterosexual Heterosexual64 432 Education High school High school Some college Some college University degree University degree 83062 Steady job Yes Yes No No6337 Partner status Partner Partner Single Single5941

5. Year of HIV diagnosis 1983-1986 1983-1986 1987-1992 1987-1992 1993-2000 1993-2000313237 Protease inhibitor-based regimen Yes Yes No No6040 Time on ART 1 year 1 year 2 years 2 years 3 years 3 years 4 years 4 years 5 years 5 years 3 7124731 Total number of HIV drugs 2 2 3 4 4> 4>404413 3 Table 1/cont.

6. Table 2 Proportion of patients classified as 100% adherent at baseline and at each of the seven follow up visits BaselineT1T2T3T4T5T6T7 Dose8989828690929193 Schedule6370767677756978 Dietary instructions 4372697772837680

7. DoseSchedule 100% adherent all visits 613937 Non adherent at least at one visit 396163 Never 100% adherent 1616 Table 3 Proportion of patients classified as

8. BS.E.Sig.OR ART health concerns -1.490.565.008.225 Adherence self-efficacy 1.449.613.0184.259 HIV stress 1.430.511.0054.177 Life stress -2.287.824.006.102 HIV disease severity.662.266.0131.939 Social networtk medication demands.563.269.0361.756 Health care medication demands -.668.265.012.513 Table 4 Logistic regression analysis on predictors of schedule adherence

9. ACKNOWLEDGMENT Our gratitude goes to: those women and men who participated in the study; the nurses at Gay Men’s Health Clinic, Söder Hospital and HIV Clinic, Karolinska Hospital for administrating the questionnaires; the Swedish Foundation for Health Care Sciences and Allergy Research; Department of Research, Education, and Development, Stockholm City Council; the Magn Bergvall’s Foundation; the Swedish Physicians against AIDS Research Foundation, and the National Institute on Drug Abuse, USA, R03 DA 12328.