1. 英语语态 主语是动作的承受者（只有 Vt 才有被动） is cleaned The room is cleaned every day （ by Peter. ） 主动语态（ active voice ） 被动语态（ passive voice ） 主语是动作的执行者 cleans Peter cleans the room every day.

2. 一般式进行式完成式 现在时 过去时 将来时 am/is/are+vt.-ed being am/is/are+being+vt-ed been have/has+been +vt-ed was/were+vt-ed being was/were+being+vt-ed been had +been +vt-ed be shall/will+be vt-ed have been shall/will+have been+vt-ed are often borrowed 1.Those books are often borrowed by girls. has been collected 2.Enough money has been collected for the Hope Project. was carried 3.The luggage was carried into the hotel. will be built 4.Many buildings will be built in my hometown. is being considered 5.The plan is being considered now.

3. would be built will be taken good care of was being operated on 6.He said a new road would be built in his home village 。 7.The children will be taken good care of by Miss Miller. 8.He was being operated on when we went to see him.

4. Usage of the passive voice 1. 不知道动词的执行者 You are wanted outside.His bike has been stolen. 2. 当动作的执行者是泛指或不言而明时 must not be taken away The books in the reading room must not be taken away 。 was liberated China was liberated in 1949. 3. 出于委婉、礼貌而避免提及自己 / 对方 has been said Enough has been said on this question. are wished You are wished to do it more careful. 4. 在文章标题、广告、新闻等中（常省略 be ） Wanted. Girls （ are ） Wanted. Blocked. Road （ is ） Blocked. 5. 动作的执行者不是人 was washed The house was washed away by the storm. are shocked We are shocked by the news.

5. 4. 主动语态与被动语态的转换 1) 含有一个宾语 2) 含双宾语（直接 + 间接） a road. The workers are building a road. me the present Mother gave me the present. A road A road is being built (by the workers). I was given I was given the present. to me The present was given to me by mother.

6. 5) 含动 词短语 4) 含复合宾语 that the teacher would come soon. She told me that the teacher would come soon. 3) 含有 that 宾语从句 was told that I was told that the teacher would come sure. found a wallet lying Jenny found a wallet lying on the ground. was found lying A wallet was found lying on the ground. calledTom. They called him Tom. was called Tom. He was called Tom. madework 1.The farmer made the horses work the whole day. consider settled 2.We consider the matter settled. laugh at ;think of ;operate on ;look after; depend on ;call on; pay attention to;make use of ;take notice of ;take advantage of; The film is often talked about

7. 无被动语态的动词 1 ）系动词无被动 2 ）表示状态的词： equal ； fit ； hold ； join ； mean ； last ； cost ； belong to 3 ）含有被动意义的动词；形式为主动，意义为被动（主语通 常是 “ 物 ” ） washed very well. 1. This cloth washed very well. writes smoothly 2.Your pen writes smoothly. feels soft and smooth. 3.Silk feels soft and smooth. sells well. 4.This book sells well. looks like The hat looks like a cat. belongs to As a writer ， Dickens belongs to the 19th century. needs washing. 5.Your shirt needs washing.

8. 被动语态与系表结构的区别 被动语态系表结构 be +vt-edbe +v-ed 句子主语是动作的对象主语处于的状态； v-ed 为 adj. The house was completed in 1995. The house is completed. The cup was broken by him. The cup is broken. The poem was written by LuXun. The poem is well written.

9. Translation 1. 这些练习必须在课堂上做。 2. 这项工作马上就要完成。 3. 我们学校正在建一个化学实验室。 4. 中国饮食被认为是世界上最健康的饮食之一。 5. 这本书是鲁迅写的吗？ must be done 1.These exercises must be done in class. will be completed 2.The job will be completed at once is being built 3.A chemistry lab is being built now in our school. is considered 4.The Chinese diet is considered one of the healthiest one in the world. Iswritten 5.Is this book written by LuXun ？

10. Grammar The Passive Voice in Different Tenses 1.The key to the classroom door ___________(keep) by our monitor. 2.The theme song of the 1998 World Cup _____________ (perform)by Ricky Martin. 3.The performance ___________________(give) in the Capital Concert Hall. 4.He knew that he ______________ (invite) to perform in the New Year’s Concert. 5.This song _____________ (play) all over the country now. 6.He wrote this song while his watch ___________ (repair). 7.Although it __________________(play) many times, he still loves this tune. 8.It was the first time he ___________ (award) a Grammy. is kept was performed will be given Would be invited is being played was being repaired has been played has been awarded