1. Sulphur Creek @ Dunnigan Burn Dump, Yolo County, CA. (30 miles north of Sacramento, CA.) BUILT 1998

2. Pre-Project conditions, going from upstream to downstream

3. Pre-Project conditions-Looking US @ US section of project. Pix by John McCullah-Oct 1998

4. Pre-Project conditions-High water, looking US. Thalweg @ toe of cliff. Pix by John McCullah-Winter 1997

5. Removal of this tree was required, but it could have been used for live cuttings – if some water had been provided !! Pre-Project conditions-Looking US @ US end of project. Pix by John McCullah

6. Pre-Project conditions, high water, looking DS @ project area. Pix by John McCullah-Winter 1997

7. Pre-Project conditions-High water, looking DS @ project area. Pix by John McCullah-Winter 1997

8. Pre-Project conditions-Looking DS @ exposed burn dump material. Pix by John McCullah-Oct 1998

9. Pre-Project conditions-Looking DS at exposed burn dump material Pix by John McCullah-Oct 1998

10. The PLAN

11. Conceptually, for this project, we need complete separation between the stream & the material in the burn dump, LPSTP is the answer

12. THE PLAN !! Dunnigan burn dump footprint: classified as toxic, since it is unknown what was dumped & burned LPSTP BENDWAY WEIR KEY THE PLAN !!

13. Thalweg Alignment Pre-Project Condition PRE-PROJECT THALWEG Footprint of the Dunnigan burn dump

14. THE PLAN !! Footprint of the Dunnigan burn dump LPSTP BENDWAY WEIR KEY Thalweg Management Post-Project Condition THALWEG-Post Project

15. THE PLAN !! Thalweg Management Pre & Post-Project Conditions THALWEG-Post Project THALWEG-Pre-Project

16. The original design had 800 ft of gabions for $300k. Our design had 2400 ft of LPSTP plus 13 Bendway Weirs plus bioengineering for $110k!!

17. From www.e-senss.com

18. The Longitudinal Peaked Stone Toe Protection (LPSTP) is constructed from a Self- Adjusting, Self- Filtering stone

19. Self-Adjusting, Self-Filtering Stone Depending on size, angularity, and gradation, stone can be neither, either, or both!! Self-Adjusting Stone: Stone must be well-graded (from coarse to fine) so that it has the ability to "launch", or self-adjust into, and armor, scour holes formed on the streamward side, and/or stream end, of a river training structure. -Charlie Elliott says a good rule of thumb in Mississippi sand-bed streams {CAUTION: this might not apply equally well to every stream in the world} is that one ton of rock per linear ft will armor three ft of scour Self-Filtering Stone A soil analysis should always be performed to determine stability and erodability of bank materials and whether a filter material, (either granular or synthetic) is required. A self-filtering stone that has worked well on the Mississippi River, and numerous other rivers and smaller streams (acting as a granular filter to prevent loss of underlying bank material) has 10% to 15% of the gradation either less that 4 inches in diameter, or less than one pound in weight, depending on how the stone is specified.

20. LONGITUDINAL PEAKED STONE TOE PROTECTION {LPSTP} Description: A continuous stone dike placed longitudinally at, or slightly streamward of, the toe of the eroding bank. Cross-section is triangular. The LPSTP does not necessarily follow the toe exactly, but can be placed to form a "smoothed" alignment through the bend. Smoothed alignment might not be desirable from the environmental or energy dissipation points of view. Amount of stone used (2 tons/linear ft, 1 ton/ft, or less) depends on depth of scour at the toe, estimated stream forces (impinging flow) on the bank, and flood durations and stages. Tie-backs are short dikes connecting the LPSTP to the bank at regular intervals. Tie-backs are usually the same height as the LPSTP or elevated slightly toward the bank end, and are keyed into the bank. If tie-backs are long they should be angled upstream to act as bendway weirs.

21. Construction begins

22. Looking upstream @ LPSTP and the US key & flow entrance conditions

23. Pix by John McCullah-Spring 1999 6 months later-Looking US @ LPSTP @ US end of project.

24. Pix by John McCullah - January 2002 3+ Years later-Looking US @ confluence near US end of project.

25. Buckeye Creek @ Dunnigan Burn Dump-Pix by McCullah-Feb 14, 08 9+ Years Later-Looking US @ confluence of two creeks coming into the project

26. When scour occurs, the LPSTP is designed to launch into the scour hole, thereby armoring it.

27. Longitudinal Peaked Stone Toe Protection (LPSTP) As-built After a couple of high flow events stream has scoured at the toe & stone has self-adjusted Sediment has deposited landward of the LPSTP

28. DURING CONSTRUCTION-Looking DS @ upper end LPSTP. Pix by John McCullah - October 1998

29. Buckeye tree is preserved Pix by John McCullah - October 1998 DURING CONSTRUCTION-Looking DS @ LPSTP.

30. Key Construction

31. Pix by John McCullah - October 1998 DURING CONSTRUCTION-Digging a key trench.

32. Pix by John McCullah - October 1998 DURING CONSTRUCTION-Placing key stone in key trench.

33. Pix by John McCullah-Spring 1999 6 months later-Looking DS @ LPSTP with deposition.

34. Sulphur Creek @ Dunnigan Burn Dump-Pix by McCullah-Feb 14, 2008 9+ Years Later-Looking DS @ deposition in weir field at cliff area

35. Pix by John McCullah - October 1998 DURING CONSTRUCTION-Transplanting the Cottonwood tree.

36. Pix by John McCullah - October 1998 DURING CONSTRUCTION-Transplanting tree behind LPSTP.

37. From upstream at the cliff looking downstream at the section of the project immediately adjacent to the burn dump area (Mini case study-10 slides) Mini case study: 1 of 10

38. The Bendway Weirs are designed to reduce velocities near the LPSTP, & move the thalweg to a location off the ends of the Bendway Weirs. Weirs also provide protection redundancy. Mini case study: 2 of 10

39. Pix by John McCullah - October 1998 DURING CONSTRUCTION-Looking DS @ LPSTP & 1 Bendway Weir Mini case study: 3 of 10

40. Pix by John McCullah-Jan 1999 3 months later-Looking DS @ tall cliff area. The weirs were not overtopped the first winter. Mini case study: 4 of 10

41. Mini case study: 5 of 10 Pix by John McCullah-Jan 1999 3 months later-after the water receded-Looking DS. Note very little deposition between weirs.

42. Pix by John McCullah - Jan 17, 2001 2+ Years-Looking DS @ the project bend, deposition in weir field. Mini case study: 6 of 10

43. Pix by John McCullah - Jan 2002 3+ Years later-Looking DS @ deposition in weir field with some scalloping of deposited material at stream ends-as can be expected. Mini case study: 7 of 10

44. Pix by John McCullah - January 2002 3+ Years later-Looking DS @ BW with racked debris on each weir. Mini case study: 8 of 10

45. Mini case study: 9 of 10 Pix by John McCullah-Winter 2002 4 yrs later, looking DS, BW’s & LPSTP separate Dunnigan Burn Dump from the stream erosion, note deposition between weirs, thalweg trace (black line), & cutbank on edge of pointbar.

46. Sulphur Creek @ Dunnigan Burn Dump-Pix by McCullah-Feb 14, 2008 9+ Years Later-Looking DS @ completely filled in Bendway Weir field results in a wide buffer of protection for the burn dump. Mini case study: 10 of 10

47. Looking downstream @ the channel @ the downstream end of the cliff. Burn dump area is just downstream (Mini case study-4 slides) (Mini case study-4 slides) Mini case study: 1 of 4

48. Pix by John McCullah-Spring 2002 4 Years later-Looking DS @ deposition within Bendway Weir field Mini case study: 2 of 4

49. Pix by John McCullah-Spring 2002 4 Years later-Looking DS @ deposition between Bendways Mini case study: 3 of 4

50. Pix by John McCullah - January 2003 4+ Years-Looking DS-Scour & deposition within channel & weir field Mini case study: 4 of 4

51. Looking upstream @ the cliff section of the project. Burn dump is downstream (Mini case study-9 slides) Mini case study: 1 of 9

52. If only the engineer and contractor had allowed designer use of the water truck to water-in the cottonwood cuttings … Pix by John McCullah - October 1998 DURING CONSTRUCTION-Looking US @ LPSTP. Mini case study: 2 of 9

53. Pix by John McCullah - October 1998 CONSTRUCTION COMPLETE-Looking US @ LPSTP & Bendway Weirs & keys Mini case study: 3 of 9

54. Pix by John McCullah-Jan 1999 3 months later-Looking US @ flow through & Bendway Weirs Mini case study: 4 of 9

55. Pix by John McCullah-March 1999 6 months later-Looking US @ keys, LPSTP, & Bendway Weirs Mini case study: 5 of 9

56. Pix by John McCullah - January 2002 4+ Years later-Looking DS @ Mini case study: 6 of 9

57. Pix by John McCullah - January 2002 4+ Years later-Looking US @ Mini case study: 7 of 9

58. Pix by John McCullah - January 2003 5+ Years-Looking US-Fine deposition within Bendway Weir field Mini case study: 8 of 9

59. Buckeye Creek @ Dunnigan Burn Dump-Pix by McCullah-Feb 14, 2008 9+ Years later-Looking US @ sediment almost filling the weir field Mini case study: 8 of 9

60. Looking upstream @ the section of the project adjacent to the burn dump area (Mini case study-9 slides) Mini case study: 1 of 9

61. Pix by John McCullah - October 1998 DURING CONSTRUCTION-Looking US @ LPSTP (next to dump) Mini case study: 2 of 9

62. Pix by John McCullah-Spring 2002 3+ Years later-Looking US @ some deposition & veg in weir field Mini case study: 3 of 9

63. Pix by John McCullah-Spring 2002 4+ Years later-Looking US @ burn dump area & weir field Mini case study: 4 of 9

64. Pix by John McCullah-Spring 2002 4+ Years later-Looking US @ scour @ stream ends of weirs Mini case study: 5 of 9

65. Pix by John McCullah - January 2003 4+ Years-Looking US @ deposition & scour. Mini case study: 6 of 9

66. Buckeye Creek @ Dunnigan Burn Dump-Pix by McCullah-Feb 14, 2008 9+ Years Later-Looking US. Flow scallops between ends of BW’s. Mini case study: 7 of 9

67. 9+ Years Later-Looking US @ channel and ends of Bendway Weirs. Mini case study: 8 of 9 Buckeye Creek @ Dunnigan Burn Dump-Pix by McCullah-Feb 14, 2008

68. 9+ Years Later-Looking US @ deposition in weir field. Mini case study: 9 of 9 Buckeye Creek @ Dunnigan Burn Dump-Pix by McCullah-Feb 14, 2008

69. Looking downstream @ the section of the project right next to the burn dump area

70. Pix by John McCullah - October 1998 DURING CONSTRUCTION-Looking DS @ LPSTP (next to dump)

71. Pix by John McCullah - October 1998 DURING CONSTRUCTION-Hydro seeding burn dump area.

72. Pix by John McCullah-March 1999 6 months later-Looking DS @ dump in foreground & BW’s

73. Seed certificates were never required by the Engineer even when designer warned of possible fraud from hydroseeding contractor Pix by John McCullah - Jan 17, 2001 2+ Years-Looking DS @ right bank & left bank stabilization

74. Pix by John McCullah - Jan 17, 2001 2+ Years-Looking DS @ smooth transition between bends

75. Pix by John McCullah - Jan 17, 2001 2+ Years-Looking DS, close-up of ends of Bendway Weirs

76. Pix by John McCullah - January 2002 4+ Years later-Looking DS @ channel & deposition within BW’s

77. Pix by John McCullah - January 2002 3+ Years later-Looking DS @ Bendways & LPSTP

78. Pix by John McCullah - January 2002 3+ Years later-Looking DS @ scour, debris, & deposition in weir field

79. Before 3+ years After Pix by John McCullah - January 2002

80. The specified native seed mix was expensive ($600/ac) but no natives have grown – only weeds! Pix by John McCullah - January 2003 4+ Years-Looking DS-Fine deposition within Bendway Weir field

81. Pix by John McCullah - January 2003 4+ Years-Looking DS-Fine deposition within Bendway Weir field

82. Pix by John McCullah - January 2003 4+ Years-Looking DS-Thalweg at stream ends of Bendway Weirs

83. Buckeye Creek @ Dunnigan Burn Dump-Pix by McCullah-Feb 14, 08 9+ Years Later-Looking DS @ completely filled in Bendway Weir field

84. Buckeye Creek @ Dunnigan Burn Dump-Pix by McCullah-Feb 14, 08 9+ Years Later-Looking DS @ burn dump in foreground, keys, top of LPSTP, completely filled in Bendway Weir field, & excellent transition from the right bank to the left bank (“S” shaped bend)

85. Looking streamward @ mid- project Bendway Weirs

86. Clay soil was imported for cover to seal the burn dump area. Pix by John McCullah - October 1998 DURING CONSTRUCTION-Looking DS @ BW’s & key area

87. Pix by John McCullah - October 1998 CONSTRUCTION COMPLETE-LPSTP & Bendway Weir & key LPSTP Bendway Weir LPSTP Key

88. Pix by John McCullah - October 1998 CONSTRUCTION COMPLETE-LPSTP & Bendway Weir & key

89. Pix by John McCullah-March 1999 6 months later-Looking @ key, LPSTP, & Bendway Weir

90. Pix by John McCullah - January 2002 3+ Years later-Looking @ LPSTP & Bendway Weir

91. Pix by John McCullah - January 2002 3+ Years later-Looking @ stream end of a Bendway Weir

92. Looking downstream @ the downstream right bank key

93. Downstream key at 30 o angle to stream flow Pix by John McCullah - October 1998 DURING CONSTRUCTION-Looking DS @ the right bank DS key.

94. The right to left crossing & the left bank protection (first THE PLAN, note thalweg trace, then the crossing pix)

95. THE PLAN !! Footprint of the Dunnigan burn dump LPSTP BENDWAY WEIR KEY Thalweg Management Post-Project Condition THALWEG-Post Project

96. Pix by John McCullah-Jan 1999 3 months later-Looking DS @ Bendways and left bank LPSTP

97. Pix by John McCullah - January 2002 3+ Years later-Looking DS @ right & left banks & channel

98. Weeds-Russian star thistle Pix by John McCullah - January 2003 4+ Years-Looking DS-Silt fence still in place! Left bank in background

99. 9+ Years later-Looking DS @ ends of BW’s & left bank LPSTP protection Buckeye Creek @ Dunnigan Burn Dump-Pix by McCullah-Feb 14, 2008

100. Looking downstream @ the LPSTP left bank protection

101. Pix by John McCullah - January 2002 3+ Years later-Looking DS @ left bank LPSTP

102. Buckeye Creek @ Dunnigan Burn Dump-Pix by McCullah 2008 9+ Years Later-Looking DS @ left bank LPSTP with road @ DS end

103. Looking upstream @ the left bank LPSTP protection

104. Pix by John McCullah - October 1998 DURING CONSTRUCTION-Looking US @ left bank LPSTP

105. Pix by John McCullah - Jan 17, 2001 2+ Years-Looking US @ left bank LPSTP protection

106. Buckeye Creek @ Dunnigan Burn Dump-Pix by McCullah-Feb 14, 08 9+ Years Later-Looking US @ left bank LPSTP, has launched as designed

107. Buckeye Creek @ Dunnigan Burn Dump-Pix by McCullah-Feb 14, 08 9+ Years Later-Looking US @ left bank LPSTP & mid-project key

108. CURRENT STATE OF THE PROJECT: What water sees 9 years & 8 months after project completion. Starting US & flowing DS.

109. Buckeye Creek @ Dunnigan Burn Dump-Pix by Derrick - May 30, 2008 9+ Years-Looking US @ the confluence US of the project

110. 9+ Years-Looking @ the US end of the project. The US key extends far upstream of the current flow attack area. Channel is stable in all dimensions. Buckeye Creek @ Dunnigan Burn Dump-Pix by Derrick - May 30, 2008

111. 9+ Years-Looking DS @ flow in cliff area. All stable (veg in weir field area) Buckeye Creek @ Dunnigan Burn Dump-Pix by Derrick - May 30, 2008

112. 9+ Years-Looking DS @ channel alignment adjacent to burn dump area. Deposition in weir field, Bendway Weirs in good shape, smooth channel alignment results in stability through this entire critical reach. Buckeye Creek @ Dunnigan Burn Dump-Pix by Derrick - May 30, 2008

113. 9+ Years-Looking DS @ deposition within weir field provides 50 ft wide buffer between stream and LPSTP bank protection for dump area. Note smooth transition from right bank to left bank flow. Buckeye Creek @ Dunnigan Burn Dump-Pix by Derrick - May 30, 2008

114. 9+ Years-Looking DS @ transition of flow from right bank to left. Buckeye Creek @ Dunnigan Burn Dump-Pix by Derrick - May 30, 2008

115. 9+ Years-Looking @ deposition streamward of left bank US key. Buckeye Creek @ Dunnigan Burn Dump-Pix by Derrick - May 30, 2008

116. 9+ Years-Looking US @ self-adjusting stone & veg in left bank protection Buckeye Creek @ Dunnigan Burn Dump-Pix by Derrick - May 30, 2008

117. 9+ Years-From road looking US @ left bank protection & DS key, all stable Buckeye Creek @ Dunnigan Burn Dump-Pix by Derrick - May 30, 2008

118. LESSONS LEARNED: For the last 9+ years the project overall has performed extraordinarily well. The Bendway Weirs were designed too tall, however, over time the weir field has filled in completely & become vegetated, providing a 50 ft wide buffer between the stream & the main protection, the LPSTP. All keys are located in depositional areas. The flow transition from the right bank protection to the left bank protection is as good as can be expected. But check your seed tickets!!

119. It’s over!!!! THE JOHN & DAVE SHOW THANKS YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION !!