1. Digestive System The Digestive System is made up of ___________ that are responsible for the _______________ and __________________ breakdown of food. This process results in ________________ which can be _______________ and _____________________ to the cells. organs mechanical chemical molecules absorbed transported

2. A. The digestive system processes food to supply the body with ______________ and building _____________________. The process for this is _____________, __________________, __________________, and _____________________. B. The organs through which food passes are: 1. Mouth where _______________________ breakdown of food starts with the grinding and cutting action of ________________. ________________ breakdown starts with the _________________ which contains the enzyme ____________________ which breaks down ________________ into ________________. The ___________________ mixes the food and ________________ together. 2. Esophagus – a tube connecting the ______________ to the __________________. The food is moved through this by a squeezing action called _______________________. energy materialsingestion digestionabsorptionelimination mechanical teethChemical saliva amylase starch sugar tongue saliva mouth stomach peristalsis

3. 3. Stomach – a muscular bag where both ________________ and ______________ digestion takes place. Food is mixed mechanically by the muscular walls of the stomach and food is broken down chemically by _____________ ________ and __________________ made by the cells in the ___________ of the stomach. The stomach is lined with _____________ which protects it from the strong ______________ ____________. After 4 hours, the food mixture called __________ leaves the stomach. 4.Small Intestine – a 7 meter long tube where ____________ mixes with digestive juices from the _____________ and _________________. The molecules resulting from the breakdown are absorbed into the __________ ____________ through ____________ in the walls of the small intestine. Chyme is moved through the intestine by ___________________. This takes 4-10 hours. mechanicalchemical enzymes hydrochloric acid walls mucus digestive juiceschyme liverpancreas small intestine villi peristalsis

4. a.Other organs aiding in digestion: 1. Liver – makes ____________ (____________) which is stored in the ___________ ___________ until needed. This breaks up _______ into smaller molecules. 2. Pancreas – makes ______________ and substances that stop the action of the stomach ________. Also produces _______________ that break down _______________________, ___________, and ________________. 5.Large intestine – the main job is to _____________ _____________ from undigestable food which is recycled back into the body. The remaining substances (______________ and _______________) become more solid. Muscles in the _______________ and ___________ control the release of these wastes called _______________. bilegreen gall bladder fat insulin acidenzymes carbohydrates fats protein absorb water cellulose bacteria rectumanus feces

5. Nutrition – There are ___ main nutrients (molecules from food necessary to supply ___________ and ______________ _______________ for organisms). _______________ is the sum of all the _________________ _______________ that take place in the body, and is influenced by _________________, _________________, and ____________. 1. Carbohydrates – the main source of ________________ for your body, which is released from carbohydrates during the process of ___________________. Ex: _______________, ______________, and _____________________ 2. Proteins – used in the body for ________________, as _________________, and in ______________ and ____________________ of body cells. They are made up of chains of ____________ ____________. Your body can make ____ of these, but the other 8, called _________________ ___________ __________, must be supplied by _______________. 3. Fats – provide ______________ (even more than carbohydrates per gram), and storage of some __________________ (___, ___, ___, and ___). Fats can be ________________ or _________________. Fats cushion internal ____________. 4. Vitamins – organic coenzymes needed in small quantities to help your body use other nutrients. Eating a wide variety of foods usually supplies all the vitamins needed by the body. Vitamins can be either _______- soluble or __________ - soluble. 6 energybuilding materialsMetabolism chemical reactions hormonesexercisediet energy respiration starchsugarcellulose growthenzymes repair replacement amino acids14 essential amino acids food energy vitaminsA D E K saturated unsaturatedorgans fatwater

7. 5. Minerals – inorganic (____-____________) nutrients that regulate many chemical reactions in the body. non carbon

8. 6. Water – next to oxygen, this is the most important nutrient for survival. Other nutrients are carried through the body __________________ in water. _____________ are removed from the body while _________________ in water. The body is ___________% water, which is found in and around ___________ and in ______________ and in ______________. It is also lost through _________, _______________, _____________, and the _______________ ________________ (_________). Food Groups 1.Vegetable - Fruit Groups - ____ daily servings. Examples: 2.Meat Group - ____ daily servings Examples: 3.Grain Group - ____ daily servings Examples: 4.Dairy (Milk) Group - ____ daily servings Examples: dissolved Wastes dissolved60-75 cellsplasma lymphfeces skin (sweat)exhalation excretory system urine 4 2 4 4

9. Digestive System The Digestive System is made up of ___________ that are responsible for the _______________ and __________________ breakdown of food. This process results in ________________ which can be _______________ and _____________________ to the cells.

10. A. The digestive system processes food to supply the body with ______________ and building _____________________. The process for this is _____________, __________________, __________________, and _____________________. B. The organs through which food passes are: 1. Mouth where _______________________ breakdown of food starts with the grinding and cutting action of ________________. ________________ breakdown starts with the _________________ which contains the enzyme ____________________ which breaks down ________________ into ________________. The ___________________ mixes the food and ________________ together. 2. Esophagus – a tube connecting the ______________ to the __________________. The food is moved through this by a squeezing action called _______________________.

11. 3. Stomach – a muscular bag where both ________________ and ______________ digestion takes place. Food is mixed mechanically by the muscular walls of the stomach and food is broken down chemically by _____________ ________ and __________________ made by the cells in the ___________ of the stomach. The stomach is lined with _____________ which protects it from the strong ______________ ____________. After 4 hours, the food mixture called __________ leaves the stomach. 4.Small Intestine – a 7 meter long tube where ____________ mixes with digestive juices from the _____________ and _________________. The molecules resulting from the breakdown are absorbed into the __________ ____________ through ____________ in the walls of the small intestine. Chyme is moved through the intestine by ___________________. This takes 4-10 hours.

12. a.Other organs aiding in digestion: 1. Liver – makes ____________ (____________) which is stored in the ___________ ___________ until needed. This breaks up _______ into smaller molecules. 2. Pancreas – makes ______________ and substances that stop the action of the stomach ________. Also produces _______________ that break down _______________________, ___________, and ________________. 5.Large intestine – the main job is to _____________ _____________ from undigestable food which is recycled back into the body. The remaining substances (______________ and _______________) become more solid. Muscles in the _______________ and ___________ control the release of these wastes called _______________.

13. Nutrition – There are ___ main nutrients (molecules from food necessary to supply ___________ and ______________ _______________ for organisms). _______________ is the sum of all the _________________ _______________ that take place in the body, and is influenced by _________________, _________________, and ____________. 1. Carbohydrates – the main source of ________________ for your body, which is released from carbohydrates during the process of ___________________. Ex: _______________, ______________, and _____________________ 2. Proteins – used in the body for ________________, as _________________, and in ______________ and ____________________ of body cells. They are made up of chains of ____________ ____________. Your body can make ____ of these, but the other 8, called _________________ ___________ __________, must be supplied by _______________. 3. Fats – provide ______________ (even more than carbohydrates per gram), and storage of some __________________ (___, ___, ___, and ___). Fats can be ________________ or _________________. Fats cushion internal ____________. 4. Vitamins – organic coenzymes needed in small quantities to help your body use other nutrients. Eating a wide variety of foods usually supplies all the vitamins needed by the body. Vitamins can be either _______- soluble or __________ - soluble.

15. 5. Minerals – inorganic (____-____________) nutrients that regulate many chemical reactions in the body.

16. 6. Water – next to oxygen, this is the most important nutrient for survival. Other nutrients are carried through the body __________________ in water. _____________ are removed from the body while _________________ in water. The body is ___________% water, which is found in and around ___________ and in ______________ and in ______________. It is also lost through _____________, __________, _____________, and the _______________ ________________ (_________). Food Groups 1.Vegetable - Fruit Groups - ____ daily servings. Examples: 2.Meat Group - ____ daily servings Examples: 3.Grain Group - ____ daily servings Examples: 4.Dairy (Milk) Group - ____ daily servings Examples: