1. Chapter 20 Mexico - 534, 541 & 546 GEOGRAPHY 1. TROPICAL CLIMATE THE FURTHER SOUTH YOU GO (NEAR THE EQUATOR). 2. HURRICANES – BECAUSE IT IS LOCATED BETWEEN THE ATLANTIC AND PACIFIC OCEANS THE HURRICANE SEASON IS JUNE TO OCTOBER.

2. Chapter 20 Mexico - 534, 541 & 546 GEOGRAPHY/ECONOMICS 1. ALTITUDE ZONE FARMING – GROWING CERTAIN CROPS AT VARIOUS ALTITUDES ALONG THE SIDES OF THE MOUNTAINS. A. TIERRA CALIENTE (HOT LAND) – BANANAS, COCAO, SUGARCANE AND RICE B. TIERRA TEMPLADA (TEMPERATE LAND/MODERATE) – COFFEE, CORN AND CITRUS FRUIT C. TIERRA FRIA (COLD LAND) – POTATOES, WHEAT AND APPLES

3. Chapter 20 Mexico - 534, 541 & 546 ECONOMICS THREE REGIONS 1. NORTHERN MEXICO – RANCHING (VAQUEROS – MEXICAN COWHANDS), MANUFACTURING (STEEL AND CEMENT) AND FACTORIES (MAQUILADORAS). 2. CENTRAL MEXICO – MOST POPULATED BECAUSE OF MILD CLIMATE. FARMING AND RANCHING (AGRICULTURE) AND INDUSTRIAL MANUFACTURING IN CITIES. 3. SOUTHERN MEXICO – POOREST AREA. AGRICULTURE (FARMING) – PLANTATIONS (COMMERCIAL FARMS) WHICH PRODUCE SUGARCANE OR BANANAS. SUBSISTANCE FARMING (FARMING TO EAT). TOURISM (CITIES OF ACAPULCO, PUERTO VALLARTA AND CANCUN)

4. Chapter 20 Mexico - 534, 541 & 546 ECONOMICS 1. MEXICO HAS A GROWING ECONOMY. AGRICULTURE IS IMPORTANT. FARMERS GROW CORN, BEANS, WHEAT AND RICE. COMMERCIAL EXPORTED CROPS ARE COFFEE, COTTON, VEGETABLES, FRUIT, LIVESTOCK AND TOBACCO. 2. INDUSTRIAL MANUFACTURING HAS INCREASED PRODUCING CARS, CONSUMER GOODS AND STEEL. NAFTA (NORTH AMERICAN FREE TRADE AGREEMENT) – OPEN TRADE BETWEEN CANADA, UNITED STATES AND MEXICO. 3. NATURAL RESOURCES – PETROLEUM (OIL) AND NATURAL GAS. 4. SERVICE INDUSTRIES – BANKING, TOURISM (RESTUARANTS, HOTELS, ETC.)

5. Chapter 20 Mexico - 534, 541 & 546 HISTORY NATIVE AMERICAN CIVILIZATION 1. OLMECS – 1200 BC TO 400 BC – KNOWN FOR CARVED STONE STATUES, JEWELRY OUT OF JADE AND OBSIDIAN, FIRST TO GROW MAIZE (CORN), THEY ALSO BUILT LARGE DRAINAGE SYSTEMS (DIRECTING RAINWATER TO THE FIELDS AND SETTLEMENTS). 2. MAYA – 250 AD TO 900 AD – LIVED IN THE RAIN FORESTS OF THE YUCATAN PENINSULA, HIGHLY RELIGIOUS, DEVELOPED THE 365 DAY/YEAR CALENDAR, BUILD HUGE STONE TEMPLES IN THE SHAPE OF A PYRAMID, DEVELOPED HIEROGLYPHICS (FORM OF WRITING USING SIGNS AND SYMBOLS), A COMPLEX NUMBER SYSTEM, ARTIST DESIGNED ELABORATE MURALS OR WALL PAINTINGS. 3. AZTEC – 1200 AD TO 1519 AD – ORIGINALLY CALLED THE MEXICA (SPANISH NAMED THEM THE AZTEC), LIVED IN CENTRAL/LOWER MEXICO AND UPPER CENTRAL AMERICA, CAPITAL CITY CALLED TENOCHTITLAN LOCATED ON ISLANDS IN LAKE TEXCOCO, CITY CONTAINED MANY MERCHANTS THAT SOLD GOLD, SILVER AND POTTERY. FARMING TOOK PLACE ON FLOATING GARDENS.

6. Chapter 20 Mexico - 534, 541 & 546 HISTORY SPANISH MEXICO – 1519 – HERNAN CORTES (CONQUISTADOR) LANDED IN WHAT IS TODAY MEXICO AND ENCOUNTERED THE AZTECS. THE AZTEC LEADER MOCTEZUMA BELIEVED THAT CORTES WAS THEIR GOD QUETZALCOATL. MOCTEZUMA LET THE SPANISH SOLDIERS WALK IN AND TAKE OVER (ENDING THE AZTEC EMPIRE). SPANISH RULE OF MEXICO 1519 AD TO 1821 AD. MAIN REASON FOR SPANISH EXPLORATION WAS THE SEARCH FOR GOLD/RICHES AND THE EXPANSION OF THE ROMAN CATHOLIC FAITH (MISSIONS – COVERTING NATIVE PEOPLE TO BECOME CIVILIZED) SPAIN/SPANISH ARE THE SAME (THEY SPEAK SPANISH) MEXICAN REVOLUTION (1821) – MEXICO WON INDEPENDENCE FROM SPAIN. SEPTEMBER 16 TH – MEXICAN INDEPENDENCE DAY. MEXICAN REVOLT (1910) – MEXICAN PEASANTS REVOLTED AGAINED THE RICH FAMILIES, ARMY OFFICERS AND CATHOLIC CHURCH LEADERS WHO HELD ALL THE POWER AND WEALTH. LED BY EMILIANO ZAPATA ASSISTED BY FRANCISCO “PANCHO” VILLA.

7. Chapter 20 Mexico - 534, 541 & 546 GOVERNMENT MEXICO HAS A LIMITED FEDERAL REPUBLIC. THEY HAVE THREE BRANCHES BUT THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH HOLD THE MAJORITY OF THE POWER. PARTY OF INSTITUTIONAL REVOLUTION (PRI) WAS THE ONLY POLITICAL PARTY FOR MORE THAN 70 YEARS UNTIL 2000 WHEN PRESIDENT VICENTE FOX WON THE ELECTION. IN A RECENT ELECTION THE PRI IS BACK IN POWER.

8. Chapter 20 Mexico - 534, 541 & 546 CULTURE ARCHITECTURAL STYLE INCLUDE SPANISH COLONIAL WITH ADOBE WALLS, TILE OR STRAW ROOFS. ARTS/LITERATURE: JOSE CLEMENT OROZCO, DAVID ALFERO SEQUIERO AND DIEGO RIVERA (MURAL PAINTERS); FRIDA KAHLO (PAINTER); CARLOS FUENTES AND OCTAVIO PAZ (WRITERS/POETS) FOOD: CORN (FIRST GROWN IN MEXICO); CHOCOLATE, TOMATOES, BEANS, SQUASH, CHILIES ARE FROM NATIVE AMERICANS, BEEF, CHICKENS, CHEESE AND OLIVE OIL ARE FROM THE SPANISH. SPAIN BROUGHT THE HORSE, COWS AND WEAPONS TO THE NEW WORLD CALLED NEW SPAIN. CELEBRATIONS: FIESTAS, MARIACHI BANDS, MEXICO’S INDEPENDENCE DAY (SEPTEMBER 16 TH ), CINCO DE MAYO (MAY 5 TH ) – MEXICO DEFEATS THE FRENCH IN 1862. NOVEMBER 2 ND – DAY OF THE DEAD.

9. Chapter 20 Mexico - 534, 541 & 546 CHALLENGES POPULATION – THE POPULATION IS SO HIGH THAT MANY HAVE TO LEAVE TO FIND WORK IN OTHER COUNTRIES AND BECOME MIGRANT WORKERS FOREIGN DEBT – MEXICO BORROWED MONEY FROM FOREIGN COUNTRIES AND HAVE TO PAY BACK THE LOANS CALLED A NATIONAL DEBT. POLLUTION – WITH THE INDUSTRIAL BOOM CAME ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES TO THE AREA INCLUDING EXHAUST FUMES FROM CARS, CHEMICALS DUMPED IN RIVERS AND SMOG (FOG AND CHEMICALS IN THE AIR).