1. Idealism and Reform 1820s and 1930s Great Awakening Family Political Perfection Religious Perfection Transcendentalism

2. The Second Great Awakening Response to rapid economic changes Response to rapid economic changes Lyman Beecher 1812: neo-Calvinism Lyman Beecher 1812: neo-Calvinism –New England, “free agency” –Final end of old Calvinism Charles Finney1820s: burned over region Charles Finney1820s: burned over region –Very charismatic, emotional release –Christianity of the Heart, God’s mercy –Free will, people in charge of their salvation –Fits in with Jacksonian Democracy

3. Christianity of the Heart Christian Activism: Missionaries, Societies Christian Activism: Missionaries, Societies Temperance: By 1850s many dry states Temperance: By 1850s many dry states Abolitionism: Started w/ Quakers 1770s Abolitionism: Started w/ Quakers 1770s –American Colonization Society –William Lloyd Garrison, The Liberator, he Is 100% for immediate emancipation Is 100% for immediate emancipation –Fredrick Douglas: background –Theodore Weld: moderates split w/ Garrison

4. William Lloyd Garrison

5. The Liberator: 1831

6. Frederick Douglas

7. Women and the Family Women’s Movement: from abolitionism –E–E–E–Elizabeth Cady Stanton –S–S–S–Seneca Falls Convention: July 1848 Family Changes –S–S–S–Separate spheres –W–W–W–Women put on a pedestal: idealized –L–L–L–Less children: Longer childhood –E–E–E–EDUCATION REFORM: HORACE MANN

8. Secular Idealism Asylums: Dorothy Dix Asylums: Dorothy Dix Utopian Socialism: Robert Owen Utopian Socialism: Robert Owen –Charles Fourier Transcendentalism: Ralph Waldo Emerson Transcendentalism: Ralph Waldo Emerson –Romanticism: Edgar Allen Poe –Henry David Thoreau: Walden & On Civil Disobedience –Brooks Farm: Hawthorn –Herman Melville

9. Ralph Waldo Emerson

10. Henry David Thoreau

11. Religious Perfection The Skakers: Ann Lee The Skakers: Ann Lee The Oneida Community: free love The Oneida Community: free love The Mormons The Mormons –John Smith –Brigham Young –Utah