1. Warm-Up: Tuesday 5/26/15 & Wednesday 5/27/15
1) Name two facts about the fallopian tubes.
2) Describe how the female reproductive system is designed to carry a baby.

2. Warm-Up: Tuesday 5/26/15 & Wednesday 5/27/15 Answer
i. Ovum travels from ovary to uterus.
ii. Where fertilization takes place.
2) i. The uterine lining thickens to prepare for implantation of fertilized ovum (egg).
ii. The uterus expands to accommodate growing baby. Iii. The cervix dilates to expel baby at childbirth.

3. Menstruation & Pregnancy

4. 1. Menstruation

5. Menstruation (Period): The monthly shedding of the uterine lining (or bleeding) through the cervix and out of the vagina
Menstrual Cycle: Regular monthly menstruations (periods) that on average last 28 days (21-35 days is normal for adult women)
(In the U.S.) Girls start menstruating on average at age 12 (between 8 and 15 is normal)
Women stop menstruating, menopause, on average at age 50 (during 40s-50s is normal)
It is normal for girls and pre-menopausal women to have irregular length menstrual cycles

6. ~ Day 21: Uterine lining continues to thicken
~ Day 21: Uterine lining continues to thicken. Ovum moves down the fallopian tube. If unfertilized, the ovum breaks down.
Day 1: The menstrual cycle starts with menstruation (bleeding).
On average, this lasts 3-5 days (2-7 days is normal). Uterine contractions help shed lining (cramping).
~ Day 7: The uterine lining builds back up again, growing new cells and capillaries to supply blood/nutrients.
The uterine lining can start building back up before all the shed lining has completely exited the vagina.
~ Day 14: The mature ovum (egg) is released from the ovary and begins traveling down the fallopian tube, ovulation. (between day 7-22 is normal)
During the ~5 days of ovulation is when women are fertile, or able to get pregnant.

7. Day 1 Day 7 Day 14 Day 21 Day 28

8. Uterus prepares for fertilized ovum to be implanted in the uterus by thickening the uterine lining.
The inner lining of the uterus grows new cells.
The inner tissue of the uterus grows news capillary branches to supply blood (oxygen, nutrients) to the new cells AND the fertilized ovum until the placenta forms.
When the uterine lining is shed, the cells of the uterine lining and the capillaries are broken off.
Any residual blood in the capillaries is shed with the uterine lining during menstruation.

9. Pre-Menstrual Syndrome (PMS):
Occurs the week before menstruation and may continue the first few days of menstruation
Pain in the abdominal or pelvic area (cramping)
Pain in the lower back
Headaches, body aches
Physically sore or tender, including the breasts
Fatigue, tiredness
Bloating, water weight gain
Nausea, diarrhea, constipation, dizziness
Acne
Food cravings
Mood swings, irritability, anger, depression

10. 2. Pregnancy

11. Human – 9 months
Rhinoceros – 17 months
Red Squirrel – 1+ months
Black Bear – 7 months
Baleen Whale – 11 months
Porcupine – 7 months
Elephant – months
Giraffe – 15 months

12. Fertilization: When a sperm cell joins with an ovum (egg) cell
Fertilization: When a sperm cell joins with an ovum (egg) cell. Forms a zygote.
Pregnancy: The time between fertilization and childbirth.
**In medicine, the first two weeks of “pregnancy” are the first two weeks of the menstrual cycle

13. Millions of sperm are released into the vagina
Only a few hundred make it to the fallopian tubes
A single sperm fertilizes the egg

14. The fertilized ovum (zygote) grows from 1 cell to 16 cells in 3 days
It travels down the fallopian tube as it grows
It takes a week to implant in the uterine lining
The cervix is sealed with mucus until childbirth

16. Week 1 – 4: Ball of cells
Week 5-8: Tadpole
Week 9-12: Fingers, toes, organs systems
Week 13-16: Hair, nails, ears
Week 17-20: Bones, sensory nerves
Week 21-24: Non-see-through skin, ova (female)
Week 25-28: Eyes, brain
Week 29-32: Muscles
Week 33-36: Gums, organs, testes (male)
Week 37-40: Lungs

17. As the baby develops into a viable human by developing its body and organs, it also increases in size throughout the pregnancy
It starts to resemble a human at 3 months

18. Pregnancy is separated into three “trimesters” of development
The baby turns upside down in the third trimester in preparation for birth

19. Childbirth: Muscular contractions begin to dilate the cervix
Childbirth: Muscular contractions begin to dilate the cervix. The mucus plug is expelled. The placenta breaks. Contractions and conscious pushing by the mother expels the baby through the vaginal canal.

20. Types of Birth Control
Abstinence:
No sexual contact (100%)
Sexual:
Non-vaginal Sex:
Sexual contact, ejaculate, pre-ejaculate near the outside of the vulva (LESS THAN 100%)
Pull-Out Method:
Vaginal sex & withdrawal before ejaculation (96%)
Chemical:
Hormonal: pills, patches, injections, ring (99%)
Morning-After pill (89%)
Spermicides: foam, jelly, cream, gel, etc (85%)
Physical & Chemical:
Physically block cervix & Use of spermicide:
Cervical cap, sponge, diaphragm plus spermicide (86-91%)
Physical:
Condom, female condom (95-98%)
All forms of birth control become much less effective if used incorrectly

21. Sexually Transmitted Diseases
HIV/AIDS & STD/STIs
Sexually Transmitted Diseases

22. Sexually Transmitted Diseases:
1 out of every 4 sexually active teens has an STD
Half (50%) of all STDs are among young people 15-24
15% of sexually active teens had sex with 4+ people
41% of sexually active teens did not use a condom at least once
2% of teens have injected drugs with a needle
10,000 young people got HIV last year

23. Types of Sex:
Abstinence: No sexual contact
Masturbation: Sexual contact with oneself (no partner)
Digital: Sexual contact between genitals and fingers/hands
Oral: Sexual contact between genitals and mouth
Vaginal: Sexual contact between vagina and penis (or object)
Anal: Sexual contact between anus/rectum and penis (or object)

24. STD Lab:
First:
Carefully carry your cup upright without spilling: watch where you walk
Meet one person to exchange fluid with: pour your fluid back and forth between cups
Sit Down: go back to your seat and sit down with your cup once you have exchanged fluid with ONE partner
Second:
Move around the room to find a new partner: do NOT stay in the same place; walk around and find someone else somewhere else