1. Parallelism Not parallel: Mike likes bowling, ice-skating, dancing, and to draw.

2. Not Parallel: Mike likes bowling, ice-skating, dancing, and to draw. Parallel: Mike likes bowling, ice-skating, dancing, and drawing. Mike likes to bowl, to ice-skate, to dance, and to draw. Mike likes to bowl, ice-skate, dance, and draw.

3. Parallel: Mike likes bowling, ice-skating, dancing, and gerund gerund gerund drawing. gerund Not parallel: Mike likes bowling, ice-skating, dancing, gerund gerund gerund and to draw. infinitive verb

4. Not parallel: She likes cake, movies, and talking on the phone.

5. Not Parallel: She likes cake, noun movies, and talking on the phone. nounverbprep.noun

6. Not Parallel: She likes cake, movies, noun and talking on the phone. verb noun Parallel: She likes eating cake, watching verb noun verb movies, and talking on the phone. noun verb noun

7. Not Parallel The tragedy in “The Veldt” is caused by the parents’ neglect, the children, and the adjectivenounnoun ravaging lions. participle noun

8. Parallel The psychologist, the children, and the noun parents all play a role in the tragedy. noun

9. Not parallel: Dominic doesn’t have enough time to play soccer, join the debate team, and band. Correct this sentence so that it is parallel:

10. Parallel Subjects carefully trimmed trees in front of the yardspectacularly clean patio in the back The carefully trimmed trees in front of the yard and the spectacularly clean patio in the back revealed the meticulous nature of the homeowner.

11. Parallel Subjects carefully trimmed trees in front The carefully trimmed trees in front adverbadjective noun compound preposition of the yardspectacularly of the yard and the spectacularly noun / object of the prepositionadverb clean patio in the back clean patio in the back revealed the adjectivenounpreposition noun/ object of the preposition meticulous nature of the homeowner.

12. Parallel Adverbs and Verbs frequently The agency had frequently adverb receivedseldom revealed received but seldom revealed a verbadverb verb large number of crank calls.

13. Parallel Objects the heel the anklethe toes The doctor carefully examined the heel, the ankle, and the toes.

14. Parallel Verbs and Objects Mom went to Judy’s room and gave her a drink, pulled up her blanket, and kissed her forehead.

15. Parallel Verbs and Objects Mom went to Judy’s room and gave her a drink, pulled up her verbdirect objectverb verb indirect object direct objectverb adverb pronoun as adjective blanket, and kissed her direct objectverb direct objectverb pronoun as adjective forehead. direct object

16. Parallel Prepositional Phrases The dropped apple floated down the river and under the bridge.

17. Parallelism of an Entire Sentence The goal of a theoretical science is the truth, but the goal of a practical science is performance. --Aristotle

18. Parallelism of Two Sentences After the first test, which used the rubber seal, the cylinder showed a ten-centimeter stain on the underside. After the second test, which used the new neoprone seal, the cylinder was completely unblemished underneath.

19. CHIASMUS Reverse parallelism. Balanced elements are presented in reverse order.

20. Parallelism vs. Chiasmus PARALLELISM The code breakers worked constantly but succeeded rarely. verb adverb verb adverb CHIASMUS worked constantlyrarely succeeded. The code breakers worked constantly but rarely succeeded. verb adverb adverb verb

21. Parallelism vs. Chiasmus Parallelism What is learned willingly is forgotten gladly. verb adverb Chiasmus What is learned willingly is gladly forgotten. verb adverb adverb verb

22. Antithesis Contrasts Contrasts two ideas by placing them side by side in parallel structure.

23. Antithesis To create a contrast, statements of antithesis often use words like “but” or “yet.” However, many statements of antithesis do not use “but” or “yet.”

24. Antithesis Contrasts two ideasside by side Contrasts two ideas by placing them side by side in parallel structure. The first time man walked on the moon Neil Armstrong said: “That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.”

25. Antithesis Contrasts two ideas side by side Contrasts two ideas by placing them side by side in parallel structure. “Success makes us proud; failure makes us wise.”.

26. Antithesis Contrasts two ideas side by side Contrasts two ideas by placing them side by side in parallel structure. “To err is human; to forgive, divine.” --Alexander Pope

27. Antithesis Contrasts two ideas side by side Contrasts two ideas by placing them side by side in parallel structure. Brutus states why he assassinated Julius Caesar: “Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more.”

28. Parallelism or Chiasmus? 1.The engine of the cruise ship was peacefully quiet; the plumbing was almost deafeningly loud. 2.To catch him on the phone required twenty phone calls, but an act of Congress would be needed to see him in person.

29. Parallelism or Chiasmus? 3. Across the river they could see their offices, while under the trees together they could feel their hearts. 4. When you speak, they will listen. They will act when you lead.

30. “The Broken Window theory tells us that, in order to reduce crime, arresting criminals is important, but painting over graffiti is crucial.” This sentence contains a.parallelism only. b. antithesis only. c. parallelism and antithesis. d. neither parallelism nor antithesis.

31. Which one of the following does NOT contain antithesis? A.She laughed while he fumed. B. What we already have is reason; what we need now is imagination. C. She cried and I cried.

32. Which elements in this sentence are parallel? “To determine a reasonably profitable and competitively low price for a meal, some restaurants multiply the food cost of an item times four and charge that.” A.to determine and restaurants multiply B. reasonably profitable and competitively low C. food cost and an item D. none of the above