1. Matter and Atomic Structure Chap. 3 What are elements? How atoms combine States of matter States of matter

2. What makes a gold atom different from a silver atom?

3. What are elements? – 3.1 Objectives Describe the particles within atoms and the structure of atoms Relate the energy levels of atoms to the chemical properties of elements Define the concept of isotopes

4. I.Element

5. Element Substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substance by physical or chemical means.

6. I.Element A.Element names Carbon C 12.011 6

7. I.Element A.Element names B.Element symbols Carbon C 12.011 6

8. I.Element A.Element names B.Element symbols C.Elements are made of atoms

9. II. Atoms

10. Atom Smallest particle of an element.

11. II. Atoms A.Composed of 3 particles

12. II. Atoms A.Composed of 3 particles 1. Protons

13. II. Atoms A.Composed of 3 particles 1. Protons 2. Neutrons

14. II. Atoms A.Composed of 3 particles 1. Protons 2. Neutrons nucleus

15. II. Atoms A.Composed of 3 particles 1. Protons 2. Neutrons 3. Electrons

16. II. Atoms A.Composed of 3 particles B.Atomic number

17. proton neutron Atomic number Number of protons.

18. proton neutron Atomic number Number of protons. 5

19. II. Atoms A.Composed of 3 particles B.Atomic number C.Mass number

20. proton neutron Mass number Sum of the number of protons and neutrons

21. proton neutron Mass number Sum of the number of protons and neutrons 11

22. II. Atoms D.Electrons in Energy Levels

23. Electron Energy Levels Energy levelElectron Capacity First 2 Second8 Third18 Fourth32

24. Model of Oxygen

25. Self Check – Ex. 1 Draw a model of the lithium-7 atom. Include protons, neutrons, and electrons.

26. Self Check – Ex. 2 Draw a model of the chlorine-35 atom. Include protons, neutrons, and electrons.

27. 1. Core electrons II. Atoms D.Electrons in Energy Levels

28. 1. Core electrons 2. Valence electrons II. Atoms D.Electrons in Energy Levels

29. Valence electron Outermost electron found in a shell.

30. III. Isotopes

31. Isotopes Atoms with the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons.

32. III. Isotopes A.Isotopes have different masses

33. III. Isotopes A.Isotopes have different masses B.Nature contains a variety of isotopes

34. III. Isotopes A.Isotopes have different masses B.Nature contains a variety of isotopes C.Isotopes used to find atomic mass of element

35. Atomic mass The average of the masses of each isotope present for a give element.

36. III. Isotopes D.Radioactivity

37. Radioactivity The spontaneous decay of an atom’s nucleus into a new nucleus.

38. IV. Abundance A.In Universe

39. Abundance in Universe

40. IV. Abundance A.In Universe B.In Earth’s crust

41. Abundance in Earth’s Crust

42. The End

43. How atoms combine – 3.2 Objectives Describe the chemical bonds that unit atoms to form compounds Relate the nature of chemical bonds that hold compounds together to the physical structures of compounds Distinguish between different types of mixtures and solutions

44. I.Compounds

45. Compound More than one element chemically combined.

46. I.Compounds A.Covalent compounds share electrons

47. I.Compounds A.Covalent compounds share electrons 1. Sharing electrons helps atoms get full electron set

48. I.Compounds A.Covalent compounds share electrons 1. Sharing electrons helps atoms get full electron set 2. Sharing may not be equal: this makes polar molecules

49. I.Compounds B.Ionic compounds transfer electrons

50. I.Compounds B.Ionic compounds transfer electrons 1. When an atom gains an electron it becomes _______

51. I.Compounds B.Ionic compounds transfer electrons 1. When an atom gains an electron it becomes _______ 2. When an atoms loses an electron it becomes _______

52. Ion An atom that has gained or lost an electron.

53. I.Compounds B.Ionic compounds transfer electrons 1. When an atom gains an electron it becomes _______ 2. When an atoms loses an electron it becomes _______ 3. Opposites _______

54. I.Compounds C.Metallic bonds have a ‘sea of electrons'

55. II. Reactions

56. A.Bonds are broken and reformed

57. II. Reactions A.Bonds are broken and reformed B.New substances are formed

58. II. Reactions A.Bonds are broken and reformed B.New substances are formed C.Energy is exchanged

59. III. Mixtures

60. A.Most mixtures are heterogeneous

61. Heterogeneous A mixture with visibly different parts.

62. III. Mixtures A.Most mixtures are heterogeneous B.Mixtures that are homogeneous are called solutions

63. Homogeneous A mixture with the same makeup throughout.

64. IV. Acids & Bases

65. A.An acid makes H + ions

66. IV. Acids & Bases A.An acid makes H + ions B.A base produces OH - ions

67. IV. Acids & Bases A.An acid makes H + ions B.A base produces OH - ions C.The pH scale tells how acidic/basic something is

68. The pH Scale acidic basicneutral 013579111314

69. The End

70. States of Matter – 3.3Objectives Describe the states of matter on Earth Explain the reasons that matter exists in these states Relate the role of thermal energy to changes of state in matter

71. I. The Four Phases of Matter

72. A.Solid

73. I. The Four Phases of Matter A.Solid 1. solids with regular structure are described as crystalline.

74. I. The Four Phases of Matter A.Solid 1. solids with regular structure are described as crystalline. 2. in some solids there is no organized pattern. These are amorphous.

75. I. The Four Phases of Matter A.Solid B.Liquid

76. I. The Four Phases of Matter A.Solid B.Liquid C.Gas

77. I. The Four Phases of Matter A.Solid B.Liquid C.Gas 1. gases have undergone vaporization or sublimation

78. Evaporation Changing from liquid to vapor

79. Sublimation Changing from solid to vapor

80. I. The Four Phases of Matter A.Solid B.Liquid C.Gas 1. gases have undergone vaporization or sublimation 2. gas particles are separated by large distances

81. I. The Four Phases of Matter A.Solid B.Liquid C.Gas D.Plasma

82. Plasma Hot, highly ionized, electrically conducting gas.

83. II. Changes in State

84. A.When a liquid changes to a gas, heat is _______.

85. II. Changes in State A.When a liquid changes to a gas, heat is _______. B. When a gas changes to a liquid, heat is _______.

86. The End