1. Rocks and Soil

2. Rocks ROCKS The rocks you see around you - the mountains, canyons & riverbeds, are all made of minerals. A rock is made up of 2 or more minerals. Think of a chocolate chip cookie as a rock. The cookie is made of flour, butter, sugar & chocolate. The cookie is like a rock and the flour, butter, sugar & chocolate are like minerals. You need minerals to make rocks, but you don't need rocks to make minerals. All rocks are made of minerals.

3. Rocks Properties of Rocks (how we categorize them) Texture Layering Color

4. Texture How smooth or rough they are http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_sci ence/terc/content/investigations/es0603/es 0603page02.cfmhttp://www.classzone.com/books/earth_sci ence/terc/content/investigations/es0603/es 0603page02.cfm

5. Layering http://www.clas szone.com/boo ks/earth_scienc e/terc/content/in vestigations/es 0610/es0610pa ge04.cfmhttp://www.clas szone.com/boo ks/earth_scienc e/terc/content/in vestigations/es 0610/es0610pa ge04.cfm

6. 3 types of rocks Igneous Rocks Metamorphic Rocks Sedimentary Rocks

7. Igneous Rocks Igneous rocks form directly from the cooling of magma. http://www.fi.edu/fellows/fellow1/oct98/cre ate/igneous.htmhttp://www.fi.edu/fellows/fellow1/oct98/cre ate/igneous.htm

8. Metamorphic Rocks The metamorphic rock gets the name from "meta" (change) and "morph" (form). The rock is moved into an environment in which the minerals which make up the rock become unstable. In most cases, this involves burial which leads to a rise in temperature and pressure. http://www.fi.edu/fellows/fellow1/oct98/create/me tamorph.htmhttp://www.fi.edu/fellows/fellow1/oct98/create/me tamorph.htm

9. Sedimentary Rocks In most places on the surface, the igneous rocks which make up the majority of the crust are covered by a thin layer of loose sediment, and the rock which is made as layers of this debris get compacted and cemented together. http://www.fi.edu/fellows/fellow1/oct98/cre ate/sediment.htmhttp://www.fi.edu/fellows/fellow1/oct98/cre ate/sediment.htm

10. Rock Cycle http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_sci ence/terc/content/investigations/es0602/es 0602page02.cfmhttp://www.classzone.com/books/earth_sci ence/terc/content/investigations/es0602/es 0602page02.cfm

11. Smaller rocks come from the breakdown of larger rocks through the action of plants and weathering

12. Soil

13. Composition Soil is made of: –Small rocks –Decomposed pieces of plants and animals Dead plants Dead animals –Products of plants and animals Animal waste

14. Properties of Soil Color –Is it dark or light? Capacity to retain water –Does it hold a lot of water? Capacity to grow plants –Does the soil have nutrients like nitrogen to help plants grow well? Texture –How does it feel?

15. Kind of soilHow it feelsHold shape when wet SandyFeels grittyWon’t stick together when wet SiltyFeels powderyWill stick together when wet but will not hold together after it dries ClayFeels stickyStays together when wet

16. Which is clay? Which is sand?

17. Soil is also found in layers like rocks, with topsoil on top. Each layer is called a horizon http://www.classzone.co m/books/earth_science/t erc/content/investigation s/es1206/es1206page02.cfm?chapter_no=investi gationhttp://www.classzone.co m/books/earth_science/t erc/content/investigation s/es1206/es1206page02.cfm?chapter_no=investi gation