1. Friday, May 22 (A day) Tuesday, May 26 th (B day) Science Review Earth Science

2. Review Where do rocks come from? How many different types of rock exist? Can rocks change, and if so, how?

3. Guided notes review sheet… Today we will review : The Rock Cycle Soil and soil horizons Stewardship Soil Conservation

4. Part 1: Video and worksheet Use the information in the video to complete your worksheet https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9lyCYXXIHT0 You will be filling in the names for each of the boxes Listen carefully!

5. Remember … For any rock to change into another rock, it must undergo change. These changes could include: Weathering and erosion Heat and pressure Compaction Melting

6. Part 2: Guided Notes Soil How much of Earth's crust contains usable soil? 3.125%

7. Write in Notebook The process of soil formation takes 100,000’s of years

8. Write in notebook Soil = broken down weathered rock Soil: mixes with surface materials

9. Soil is a mixture of… Sediments (weathered rock particles) largest amount Humus (decomposed organic matter from plants and animals) Minerals (building blocks of rocks) Bacteria and fungi (decomposers) Water Air

10. Soils are different due to the parent rock Parent rock: original rock from which soil was formed

11. Soil texture: Sand (largest particle size, feels gritty) Silt (medium particle size, feels smooth or floury) Clay (smallest particle size, feels sticky)

12. Soil Horizons (layers) A horizon: topsoil (surface layer); high in humus (organics) and insoluble minerals B horizon: subsoil, high in soluble minerals and clay, lower in organics C horizon: larger rock fragments on top of parent rock (bedrock) A horizon is the most fertile!!!!

13. Stewardship of the Earth The practice of managing, monitoring, or looking after the Earth for future generations

14. Natural Resources Nonrenewable resources: resources (coal, oil, natural gas) that are used and never replaced Renewable resources: resources that are reformed naturally over periods of time

15. Pedosphere The zone where soils are found and where new soils are being formed

16. Human Activities…. Have impacted the Pedosphere by removing or disturbing the Earth’s natural vegetative cover (trees, grasses, plants) This includes: 1. The Dust Bowl2. Deforestation 3. Overgrazing 4. Industrialization 5. Farming 6. Soil as a vector

17. The Dust Bowl… Dirty Thirties (1930’s) a period of severe drought and dust storms Native grasses were removed for farmland then s evere droughts and high winds created massive dust storms

18. Deforestation Trees cut down leaving soil left exposed (easily eroded or blown away)

19. Overgrazing W hen plants are eaten by animals without time for plants to re-grow.

20. industrialization A country / society changing from an agricultural (farming) society to a manufacturing and industry based society

21. Agricultural activities R educes soil fertility (vitamins and nutrients) and native vegetation, increases erosion

22. Soil can carry diseases… Soil as a vector Soils fertilized with human and animal waste which can transmit disease and infect crops (people can get sick)

23. Remote Sensing Satellites in space used to look at the Earth’s surface Takes pictures of the Earth Shows how Earth’s surface has changed due to humans Information used to protect, preserve, and predict future changes

24. Soil Conservation the management of soil to prevent its destruction

25. 2 main purposes of Soil Conservation 1. Prevent and reduce erosion (hold the soil in place) 2. Maintain and improve soil fertility (vitamins and nutrients in soils)

26. Soil Conservation Techniques Contour Plowing Conservation Tillage Terracing Crop Rotation

27. BrainPop Review Now You will be logging into Brainpop to watch specific videos and take CLASSIC QUIZZES You will receive a handout with the login information, a list of videos to watch and place to record your quiz scores Raise your hand for your handout now