1. Welcome to Effective Writing I CM107 Unit 5: Overcoming Obstacles You should be hearing music. If you aren’t, please check your audio. Feel free to chat and get acquainted until the music stops near the top of the hour. Once the seminar starts, please keep all comments relevant to the class topic.

2. Review Any questions from units 1-4? What TEMPTATIONS are you facing as a writer? How can you avoid them? Why is reliable research information helpful to writers? Source: bing.com

3. What are some obstacles? 1. Integrating and documenting sources in your paper? 2. Paraphrasing? 3. The References page documentation? 4. Creating and proving your thesis statement? 5. Plagiarism worries?

4. Integrating Sources into Your Paper Integrating Sources into Your Paper As proof for our claims, we offer experts’ testimony, using: Direct Quotes, Summaries, and Paraphrases Source: bing.com To alert readers to an upcoming quote/idea, use a SIGNAL PHRASE: According to John Smith,.... Dr. Brown argues that.... As Polly Wilson explains, “....”

5. To Summarize or Paraphrase To summarize the original text, drastically reduce the number of words and use your own words along with highlights of the source’s main ideas. To paraphrase an author, interpret and expand on one of his/her main ideas, using your own words and different sentence structure. 1. Read the source until you understand the idea(s) very well. 2. Put away the original source. Use your own words. 3. In all cases, cite your source.

6. Paraphrase or Plagiarism? ORIGINAL: One of the most damaging consequences of media’s images of women and men is that these images encourage us to perceive normal bodies and normal physical functions as problems... [It] is neither reasonable nor healthy... to regard healthy, functional bodies as abnormal and unacceptable. Yet this is precisely the negative self-image cultivated by media portrayals of women and men. Wood, J. T. (1998). Our body, our image: How the media hurts our sense of self. New York: Longman. TOO CLOSE TO ORIGINAL: A damaging consequence of media’s images of women and men is that these images encourage us to think of normal bodies and normal physical functions as problems. What is neither reasonable nor healthy is to think of healthy, functional bodies as abnormal and unacceptable. But this is precisely the negative self- image cultivated by media portrayals of women and men.

7. Compare these: ORIGINAL: One of the most damaging consequences of media’s images of women and men is that these images encourage us to perceive normal bodies and normal physical functions as problems... [It] is neither reasonable nor healthy, however,... to regard healthy, functional bodies as abnormal and unacceptable. Yet this is precisely the negative self-image cultivated by media portrayals of women and men. Wood, J. T. (1998). Our body, our image: How the media hurts our sense of self. New York: Longman QUOTE MARKS NEEDED: A damaging consequence of media’s images of women and men is that these images encourage us to think of normal bodies and normal physical functions as problems. As Julia T. Wood points out, it “is neither reasonable nor healthy, however, to think of healthy, functional bodies as abnormal and unacceptable. But this is precisely the negative self- image cultivated by media portrayals of women and men” (Wood, 1998, pg. 30).

8. How about these? ORIGINAL: One of the most damaging conse- quences of media’s images of women and men is that these images encourage us to perceive normal bodies and normal physical functions as problems... [It] is neither reasonable nor healthy, however,... to regard healthy, functional bodies as abnormal and unacceptable. Yet this is precisely the negative self-image cultivated by media portrayals of women and men. Wood, J. T. (1998). Our body, our image: How the media hurts our sense of self. New York: Longman. A casual glance at any fashion magazine makes the point—we women need to weigh less, have clearer skin and larger breasts. As Julia T. Wood points out, media images “encourage us to perceive normal bodies and normal physical functions as problems” (1998, p. 30). This media- generated perception--that our perfectly normal bodies must be altered to be acceptable--is negatively changing how we view our own bodies.

9. IN-TEXT CITATIONS REVIEW Author’s last name (or the first 2-3 words of a title). + Date (copyright or “Revised” date or: n.d. for Web sources). + Page number if available. Enclose these 3 elements within parentheses. For Secondary Sources: * According to Dennis Culhane, who studied homeless people for his doctoral dissertation,... (as cited in Gladwell, 2006, p. 4). * As one expert argued: “You do not manage a social wrong. You should be ending it” (Phillip Mangano, as cited in Gladwell, 2006, p. 5). Q: Which source gets listed on the References page?

10. The References Page A NEW page, the last page of your paper. Center the title: References Double-space the entries and use hanging indents (p. 334). Alphabetize the sources. Each entry begins the same way as the in-text citation: Last name of author + first initial. (Use article title if there is no author listed.) Date of the publication, in parentheses, followed by a period. Title of the author's work. What comes next?

11. It Depends on the Type of Publication ( Gladwell, M. (2006, February 13). Million- dollar Murray. The New Yorker. 1-11. Siebert, A. (2000, June). From homeless to Harvard: Liz Murray's story. Retrieved from EbscoHost. Article in a monthly magazine Article found in a database

12. 1. Assert a claim. 2. List 3 reasons, proofs, or subtopics for your claim. Source: bing.com Strengthen Your Thesis

13. The Thesis Statement 1. reveals your main message. 2. shows your readers why the topic is significant. 3. forecasts the organization of the essay (3 subtopics). 4. limits the scope of the topic. 5. is generally one concise sentence at the end of your first paragraph. 6. is NOT a question. 7. does NOT announce, e.g. “My essay will....”

14. Example Thesis In spite of your previous conflicts with the law, you will make a good lawyer because ___________, ____________, and ____________. (Main message. Significance. Forecasts 3 subtopics to be explored. Limits the scope. One sentence, at the end of 1 st paragraph.)

15. Share your working thesis with us. Your Turn

16. Other obstacles on your Heroic Journey? Source: bing.com

17. Plagiarism: Which of these is true? Reusing one of your own papers is not considered plagiarism. As long as you include a reference page at the end of your paper, you are safe. It is ok to use someone else’s idea as long as you replace a few of the words and change the sentence around a bit. A source is plagiarized only if you forget to use quotation marks. Plagiarism counts only if it is intentional. “I didn’t mean to” is an acceptable excuse for plagiarism.

18. The KU Provost’s Office has this to say: :“Plagiarism refers to academic dishonesty that can be intentional or unintentional. This can be the result of attempting to recycle your own work from another course or semester, inaccurately citing the work of someone else, failing to give credit to someone else for his or her ideas or writing, failing to summarize or paraphrase a quote in your own words, or anything else that falsely represents any part of your work. In short, be honest with your reader and yourself. Know when and how to use APA formatting and be sure that it is accurately implemented. Consequences? 1st offense: Failure of the assignment in which the action occurred. 2nd offense: Failure of the class in which the action occurred. 3rd offense: Expulsion or permanent dismissal from the University.”

19. This week’s work: READINGS JOURNAL ENTRY DB PLAN final project RESEARCH PROJECT: None! High 5 !) Source: bing.com

20. Discussion Board PART I: Choose a TOPIC for the Final Project. Who will your AUDIENCE be, and for what PROBLEM will you offer advice? PART II: locate and share ONE reliable internet source that might help you gain valuable knowledge on this subject Source: bing.com

21. Research Prepare for Unit 6 Project by selecting a topic and creating a thesis and a research plan. Search the KU Library and the Internet for the strongest, most credible sources available. Use sources appropriately Source: bing.com Avoid Plagiarism.

22. Google.com vs. Googlescholar.com Google.com ranks sources by popularity. Does popularity mean reliability? googlescholar.com is a search engine that provides academic sources. Searching e-books and peer-reviewed articles saves time and results in credible, current, and relevant sources. That does not mean reliable sources are not available on the internet in general. It just takes more detective work. You have to sift through millions of sources. Reputable journals like The New England Journal of Medicine post on the internet. Reputable groups like The CDC, the federal government, and Education groups also post information on the internet. However, beware of the millions of blogs and commercial sites online; they may be subjective and unreliable.

23. Let’s compare results~ 1. Find a RELIABLE internet source on your final project topic, using googlescholar.com 2. Then find another reliable internet source through google.com (or your favorite search engine). Which source is more credible? Why? Comment on your classmates’ chosen sources. Which search engine seems more reliable? Which pulls up more relevant sources, faster?

24. Practice Citation Use the reliable internet source you found and practice citing that source. Give both an IN-text citation and the full References page documentation. Source: bing.com

25. Beyond citing experts, What are some techniques or tools that you might use, to explain or inform? Source: bing.com

26. SHOW, don’t tell  Give Background  Share a Case Study  Describe, in Detail  Define by using Analogy or Comparison  Define by showing what something is NOT  Offer a Brief Narrative  Discuss Cause/Effect  Quote Experts  Share Statistics Keep these in mind as you research!

27. Questions? Any wheels turning? Source: bing.com

28. Have a great week, all you Source: bing.com