1. Human Traits

2. Environmental Factors Debate Nature vs. Nurture? – BOTH! Environmental factors affect genes, but are NOT inherited. – i.e. Body type Genes for body type Exercise & diet impact body type (environment)

3. Multiple Alleles A gene that has 3 or more alleles Codominance: both alleles are expressed in a heterozygous condition – Type AB blood Blood Groups – Four types are determined by the presence or absence of a specific chemical substance

4. Blood Types TypesGenotypeAntigen (ID marker)Antibody AIAIAIAIA A antigenB AIAiIAi B BIBIBIBIB B antigenA BIBiIBi A AB (universal receiver) IAIBIAIB A & B antigen----------------------- O (universal donor)ii----------------------A & B

5. Blood Transfusions & Transplants Need to be correct Wrong type can cause a violent or fatal reaction in the body

6. LE 9-13 Blood Group (Phenotype) Genotypes Antibodies Present in Blood Reaction When Blood from Groups Below Is Mixed with Antibodies from Groups at Left OABAB O A B ii Anti-A Anti-B Anti-A I A or I A i I B or I B i IAIBIAIB

7. Polygenic Traits Controlled by a number of genes – Height, weight, skin color