1. University of Utah 1 Quest for a “Personal” Computer!

2. University of Utah 2 Two forces at work Top-down -Time-sharing and interactivity Bottom-up -Personal calculators -Improvements in microchips When shall the twain meet?

3. University of Utah 3 Reflect a bit... Intel 4004 and 8008 -What applications were they originally designed for? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Datapoint2200img.jpg

4. University of Utah 4 Reflect a bit... Intel's mentality -General-purpose microprocessors -Special-purpose software burned into ROM -Sell more chips! $$$

5. University of Utah 5 Development Systems “Cross compiler” -A compiler that generates code for a machine OTHER than the one it's running on! -Write on a minicomputer, compile for a 8008!

6. University of Utah 6 Development Systems Intellec-4 (1974) Intellec-8 (1974) -No need for cross compiling anymore!

7. University of Utah 7 The Bitter Irony Intellec-4 and Intellec-8 were general purpose microcomputers! -Intel did not realize it -Not sold to the public

8. University of Utah 8 The Bitter Irony Intellec-4 and Intellec-8 were general purpose microcomputers! -Intel did not realize it -Not sold to the public WHY?

9. University of Utah 9 About the same time... MICRAL (1973) Intel 8008 processor -$2,000 -Not seen as “personal”

10. University of Utah 10 10 More on MICRAL Invented by Thi T. Truong Programmed by Philippe Kahn -Founder of Borland!!

11. University of Utah 11 11 Hobbyists Electronics Magazines -QST -Popular Electronics -Radio Electronics

12. University of Utah 12 12 Hobbyists Electronics Magazines -Advertised “do it yourself” kits to build small computers Kenbak-1 (1971) Scelbi-8H (1974) Mark-8 (1974)

13. University of Utah 13 13 Altair 8800 Popular Electronics (Jan 1975)

14. University of Utah 14 14 Altair 8800 Made by MITS -“Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems” Forrest Mims and Ed Roberts

15. University of Utah 15 15 Altair 8800 Why was it “successful?” -Intel 8080 processor -Bus -Expansion slots

16. University of Utah 16 16 Define “success”? MITS expected to sell hundreds Received >1000 orders first month -Backlog -Quality suffers

17. University of Utah 17 17 Define “success”? Peripherals -Memory -Teletype -Keyboard/TV -Paper tape readers -Cassette tape I/O -Disk drives Most were not sold by MITS!

18. University of Utah 18 18 Define “success”? Users groups Magazines Retail stores

19. University of Utah 19 19 Altair's Legacy Not much by itself, but... It was the “spark” that set off the home computer revolution. -NOT the Intellec's -NOT the other hobbyist kits

20. University of Utah 20 20 Gallery

21. University of Utah 21 21 Gallery

22. University of Utah 22 22 Gallery

23. University of Utah 23 23 Gallery

24. University of Utah 24 24 Demo

25. University of Utah 25 25 “Test Question” On a scrap of paper, write a question that encapsulates one of the points from today's class, and turn it in. (Put your name on it!)