1. July 2006ALCWS Vancouver Very Forward Instrumentation of the Linear Collider Detector On behalf of the Wolfgang Lohmann, DESY

2. July 2006ALCWS Vancouver Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, AGH Univ., INP & Jagiell. Univ. Cracow, JINR, Dubna, NCPHEP, Minsk, FZU, Prague, IHEP, Protvino, TAU, Tel Aviv, DESY, Zeuthen see: PRC R&D 01/02 (2002) ‘ Old ’ Kernel “Vinča“ Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade Royal Holloway, London, BNL, Brookhaven, NY, LAL, Orsay New Members Goal-Design and R&D for: Luminometer BeamCal PhotoCal

3. July 2006ALCWS Vancouver Current design (Example LDC, 20 mrad): Luminometer BeamCal Technology: Tungsten/Si (C) sandwich TPC ECAL HCAL

4. July 2006ALCWS Vancouver Collaboration High precision design High granularity and multi-channel (10 4 ) High occupancy – machine and physics backgrounds High radiation environment (radiation hard sensors/electronics) Readout of every bunch (fast electronics, fast analyzes, high volume storage) High precision alignment Fast, robust and reliableDetector performance Challenges 15000 e + e - per BX  10–20 TeV ~10 MGy per year ΔL/L=10 -4 Align ~μm~μm rr ~100μm ZZ r z IP

5. July 2006ALCWS Vancouver Collaboration High precision design MaxMin ~25 cm~10 cmR 80 mrad33 mradθ Energy (GeV) Events DESY-PRC2006 Requires theoretical cross-section with the necessary precision; contacts to theory groups in Zeuthen, Cracow, Katowice theory groups (two loop calculation) Measurement of L L = N /  Count Bhabha events From theory N Goal: Precision ~10 -4 Events , (rad)

6. July 2006ALCWS Vancouver Collaboration High precision design e+e+ e-(0)e-(0) e-e- e+e+ Deflection of Bhabhas due to the field of the opposite beam shifts  ~2% ~0.5% shift in the lumi measured Systematic Effects Beam polarisation Bunch charge effects

7. July 2006ALCWS Vancouver Occupancy Remnant background from Beamstrahlung +background from two photon events (under work)  x [cm] + Bhabha signal LumiCal

8. July 2006ALCWS Vancouver Collabortion High precision design DESY-PRC2006 15 layers (z) 11 layers (z) 4 layers (z) 10 cylinders (θ) 60 cylinders (θ) 64 cylinders 120 sectors 30 rings Every second ring: Strip PerformancePad PerformanceParameter 25% Energy resolution 2.1 * 10 -5 rad3.5 * 10 -5 rad  resolution 10 -3 rad10 -2 rad  resolution ~2.1* 10 -7 rad~ 1.5 * 10 -6 rad  3720 (with bonding sectors) 13,320 (without bonding) 25,200Electronics channels Strip Pad e- Maximum peak shower LumiCal, present understanding

9. July 2006ALCWS Vancouver BeamCal Low angle electron veto: Background suppression in search channels. e.g.

10. July 2006ALCWS Vancouver BeamCal Determination of beam parameters from beamstrahlung depositions on BeamCal: 2 mrad 20 mrad Question: how many sensor planes are really needed? Full GEANT4 simulation: Parameters:  x and  y Seems sufficient to read out a few planes only ( around 10 X 0 )

11. July 2006ALCWS Vancouver BeamCal sensor tests Energy deposition from beamstrahlung pairs in BeamCal. 10-20 TeV and more depending on the beam parameters. Dose of up to 10MGy/a 20X 0 6X 0 2X 0 Shower particles energy spectra Test of sensors in an electron beam of 10 MeV energy (DALINAC, TU Darmstadt)

12. July 2006ALCWS Vancouver GEANT4 Simulation Deposited energy density Deposited energy inside the sensor

13. July 2006ALCWS Vancouver exit window of beam line collimator (I Coll ) sensor box (I Dia, T Dia, HV) Faraday cup (I FC, T FC ) The Setup

14. July 2006ALCWS Vancouver typical spectrum of an E6 sensor Sr90 source Preamplifier Sensor box Trigger box & Gate PA discr delay ADC Sr 90 diamond Scint. PM1 PM2 Measurement of reference spectra signa l

15. July 2006ALCWS Vancouver 2 samples from E6 1 MGy 5 MGy 2 samples from IAF 1 MGy 5 MGy 2 Si samples both drew high currents after ~50 kGy. E6_4p after ~5 MGy PROGRAM

16. July 2006ALCWS Vancouver Results Si sensor, 10 nA (ECAL standard) high leakage current after 50 kGy Beam current, set to 10, 20, 50 and 100 nA, (Faraday cup)

17. July 2006ALCWS Vancouver Results Diamonnd sensor (produced by E6) Diamond sensor (produced by Fraunhofer IAF)

18. July 2006ALCWS Vancouver The Testbeam Crew not on the photo: W.Lange Thanks to: INTAS, Worldlab and the TU Darmstadt

19. July 2006ALCWS Vancouver - 5 bunch trains per second (5 Hz) - 3000 bunches within one train - One bunch every 300ns, 150ns possible - Each bunch to be registered - High dynamic range (1:10k) - 10 bit ADC - Data per train ~1 Gb (transmission during train ~1 Tb/s, during break ~3 Gb/s) - Radiation hardness to be considered - Compact detectors: low power little space for multi-channel electronics Readout- the challenges

20. July 2006ALCWS Vancouver Collaboration High precision design DESY-PRC2006 DESY PRC Report May 2006 2006 2008 2006 People signing the 2006 PRC report (60)

21. July 2006ALCWS Vancouver Conclusions From similations: Design of calorimeters in the forward region relatively advanced However, many topics not yet addressed or completed (cross talk, occupancy, pile-up of events ….) Radiation hard sensors not yet understood - we consider ‘backup materials’, like special silicon and GaAs Read-out electronics will be a challenge -different from ‘standard’ calorimeters, fast digitisation and processing, large amount of ‘raw data’ Effort on hardware development will be increasend!