1. 1 NETE4631 Network Information Systems : Introduction to Cloud Computing Lecture Notes #2

2. Recap - Network Information Systems (NIS) NIS is an information system for managing networks. Examples Grid-based application telecommunications network Mail services, www Cloud-based application 2

3. Transformation of Data to information 3 Feedback

4. 4 What is Cloud Computing? “Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction.” (A definition by the US National institute of standards and technology (NIST)) Some of the characteristics Distributed computing at a massive scale On demand elasticity Exploiting existing technologies (Grid, Utility, Virtualization) Pay per use model Driven by economies of scale

5. 5 Market Forecast

6. 6 Main Aspects of a Cloud System

7. 7 What is different? Scale -Some companies that rely on cloud computing have infrastructures that scale over several (or more) data centers, Amazon & YouTube Simplicity –simpler computing APIs Pricing –pay as you use and No upfront capital expenditure –from investment to operational cost

8. 8 What is different? (2) Availability of infinite computing resources on demand to follow the load surges; eliminating the need for planning far ahead for provisioning No requirements for an up-front commitment and enabling companies to start small and increase resources only when the need increases The ability to pay for use of computing resources on a short-term basis as needed (for example, processors by the hour and storage by the day) and release them as needed, thereby rewarding conservation by letting machines and storage go when they are no longer useful.

9. 9 Cloud Characteristics Non-Functional Aspects Elasticity –Horizontal and vertical scalability, middleware capable of automatic integration and extraction of extra resources when required. Reliability -No loss of data, no code reset during execution etc. Quality of Service -Specific requirements MUST be met by the service provider, e.g., response time, throughput etc. Agility and adaptation –meeting the requirements of new or different resources on the fly Availability of services and data –masking failures

10. 10 Cloud Characteristics Economic Aspects Cost reduction –Reducing the cost for infrastructure acquisition and maintenance Improved time to market –Imperative for SMEs. Larger enterprises can publish new capabilities with little overhead to remain competitive. Return on investment –Essential but not guaranteed Turning CAPEX into OPEX –from capital cost to operation cost model Going Green –Reducing the energy consumption of unused resources –scaling up should also consider the carbon footprint

11. Service and Deployment Models 11

12. 12 Common Elements of a Cloud

13. 13 Is Cloud Computing for Me? For end users Cost reduction: From capital investment to operational expense (pay-per-use) Ease of use via standardized mechanisms, e.g. Browser Flexibility and short time-to-result Services providers Reduction of the entrance barrier Reduction of time to market Private Cloud Maximize the utilisation of computing resources Minimize operational costs and the organisation keeps full control of its data centres

14. 14 Benefits of Cloud Computing On-demand self-service Broad network access Resource pooling Rapid elasticity Measured service Lower costs Ease of utilization Quality of Service Reliability Outsourced IT management Simplified maintenance and upgrade Low barrier to entry

15. 15 Some of the Challenges!!! Security Would my data be more secure with Cloud provider? Interoperability Significant risk of vendor lock-in –Standardized interfaces not available, incompatible programming models Reliability Use of commodity hardware, prone to failure...Cloud 2.0 Laws and regulations Privacy, security, and location of data storage Organizational changes Changing authorities of IT departments, compliance policies Cost Purchase vs. Lease, migration cost, models to design capital and operational budgets, cost of cloud providers

16. 16 Some Public Cloud Providers Amazon Google Azure Service Platform Salesfoce.com (CRM systems)

17. 17 Amazon Web Services (AWS) Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) –Virtual machines and CPU cycles Simple Storage Service (S3) –Virtual storage service Simple Queue Service (SQS) –Message passing API SimpleDB–Running queries on structured data in real time –works with EC2 and S3

18. Google App Engine 18

19. Windows Azure Windows Azure –Service hosting and management, storage, computation, networking Microsoft SQL Services –Database services and reporting Microsoft.NetServices –Service-based implementation of.NET framework 19

20. A Comparative 20

21. References Armbrust, M., et al., 2010, A View of Cloud Computing, ACM, 53(4), pp. 50- 58. Zhang, Q., Cheng, L., Boutaba, R., Cloud Coomputing: state-of-the-art and research challenges, Journal of Internet Services and Applications, 2010, 1:7-18. The Future of Cloud Computing: Opportunities for European Cloud Computing Beyond 2010. 21

22. Exercise Put some NISs in your company as well as their characteristics (Application support, input, processing, output) into Levels of management below. 22

23. Characteristics of each level of management support 23

24. THANK YOU!!!!! 24