1. the Holocaust, the Rwandan genocide, the 9/11 terrorist attacks, and killing sprees by serial killers such as Jeffery Dahmer - we cannot capture the moral significance of these actions and their perpetrators by calling them: ‘wrong’ or ‘bad’ or even ‘very, very wrong’ or ‘very, very bad.’ - we need the concept of evil.

2.  Religious: Original sin: human’s turning away from God and rejection of his will and love;  Philosophical: grappling with the meaning and forms of evil acts, their causes and effects;  Psychological: use of defense mechanisms – evil as a projection of one’s “shadow” onto others;

3.  Are we “Fallen Angels” striving for redemption and salvation?  Or, are we intelligent beasts striving to pull ourselves out of the muck of creation?

4.  Children usually see evil in one dimensional terms – evil is supranational or demonical;  Vampires, witches, and werewolves

5.  Evil comes in the form of warped and satirical individuals bent on attacking God, people, the flag, superman, batman.

6.  Kant's concern is to make sense of three apparently conflicting truths about human nature: (1) we are radically free, (2) we are by nature inclined toward goodness, (3) we are by nature inclined toward evil. The worst forms of evil involves prioritizing self- interest over the moral law.

7. Martin Buber Evil - not the opposite of good; Working towards the good: the moral path; People fall into evil through an absence of attention; One must work to be good, but one happens to be evil.

8.  A Report on the Banality of Evil  On trial of Nazi supporter Adolf Eichmann;  Motives and character of evil people are banal rather than monstrous;  She states: there is "a strange interdependence between thoughtlessness and evil."

9.  Monsters and demons do not engineer the murders of millions in any supernatural sense.  Human beings who choose to do evil resemble living corpses who lack any spontaneity or freedom.

10.  Doing terrible things in an organized and systematic way rests on "normalization."  This is the process whereby ugly, degrading, murderous, and unspeakable acts become routine and are accepted as "the way things are done."

11.  Dehumanization was made routine through: - Hate propaganda in speeches, print and on hate radios; - Use of words like: cockroaches, animals, vermin, and diseases. - Calling it “ethnic cleansing,” or “purification.” Such euphemisms hide the horror of mass murder. -

12.  Human slavery was firmly institutionalized and routinized and still is…

13. - racism was so routine that it took years of incidents, movement actions, reading, and real-world traumas to overturn the deeply imbedded bias. Is racism still present?

14. money, status, promotions, power, and jobs are at stake. There is usually a division of labor. People get paid for what they do.

15.  Each individual’s sin in some way affects others;  There are sins located in social structures, situations and groups;  Situations and actions which promote or facilitate greed and human selfishness.

16. Structures which systematically :  oppress human dignity,  violate human rights,  stifle human freedom, and  impose gross inequality between the rich and the poor.

17.  Over-identification with a cause (isms): nationalism, liberalism, conservativism  The retreat to ignorance: real, cultivated, or manufactured.  Elevating personal goals over concern for human consequences of decisions  Lack of empathy and compassion for others.

18.  The complicity of persons who do not take responsibility for evil being done or who silently allow injustice or oppression to happen

19.  politics without principles  wealth without work  pleasure without conscience  knowledge without character  commerce without morality  science without humanity  worship without sacrifice

20. Ignore Us, Ignore Human RightsIgnore Us, Ignore Human Rights. Cruel but true, speak out and help to win back what they should have: human rights.