1. Question 1a What dangers faced patients during and after operations c.1800? What should my answer look like? Explain what the source shows Eg: “The source shows its dangerous because...” Use a source detail to illustrate the danger Eg: “For example, in the cartoon we can see that....” Single Paragraph (you may use three if you wish to show the three aspects that you have addressed) Use you own knowledge to explain the danger illustarted of the source Eg: “At this time it was dangerous because I Know that....” Content tips: - c. 1800 Pain, Blood loss, Infection – No Lister/Antiseptics, No Simpson/anesthetics, No blood transfusions etc. What can we learn? (7)

2. Question 1b Surgery had improved little by 1870. How far doe the source support this? What should my answer look like? Paragraph 1 (PEE) Paragraph 2 (PEE) Explain why we might not fully trust the source. The source is not 100% useful because it has limitations. For example… Explain agreement i.e. continuing problems with surgery up to 1870 i.e. Blood loss, Infection. I would agree because I know that … For example … Content tips: - Limitations = Painting, Only one example. - Problems = Blood loss i.e. no transfusions/blood banks yet, Infection i.e. no Pencillin yet. - Improvements = Lister/Antiseptics, Simpson/Anaesthetics, Nightingale/Hospitals. How far (8) Paragraph 2 (PEE) Explain disagreement i.e. positive developments with surgery up to 1870 i.e. Lister and antiseptics, Laughing gas etc. However I would partly disagree because … For example …

3. Question 2a or 3a 2a) Describe Ancient Egyptian medical Porgress? 3a) Describe how the USA fought the war in Vietnam? What should my answer look like? Single Paragraph Simple description! Eg: Five clear specific details or two expanded in more detail. Content tips: 2a) Describe progress NOT limitations i.e. embalming and anatomy, channels theory, written records, simple surgery, cleanliness due to religion NOT Charms/supernatural beliefs/limits of dissection. 3a) Describe Asclepion, limits on dissection etc. DESCRIBE (5)

4. Question 2b or 3b 2b) Why was bloodletting used in the Middle Ages? 3b) Explain how chance has helped the development of medicine? What should my answer look like? Paragraph 1 Paragraph 2 Explain one reason: Eg: One reason was,.... This was significant because... (go into a lot of detail that helps answer the question) Add a final summative sentence that links back to the question. Explain a second reason : Eg: Furthermore, a second reason was... This was important because... (go into a lot of detail that helps answer the question) Add a final summative sentence that links back to the question. Content tips: 2b) Link Bloodletting to 4 humours, Lack of medical understanding i.e. no germ theory so no other methods. 3b) Exaplin how chance/luck helped Pare, Penicillin, Chicken Cholera/vaccination EXPLAIN (7)

5. Question 2c How far do you agree that the Ancient Greeks made more progress in medicine than people in the Middle Ages? What should my answer look like? Paragraph 1 Explain how Greeks were important. Yes I would agree … For example … this led to withdrawal because … Focus on Natural beliefs i.e. 4 humours, Observation, Hippocratic oath, Written records i.e. Hippocratic corpus. Explain I would not fully agree because there was some progress in the Middle Ages … For example … … (Discuss new developments i.e. Galen, Universities, astrological cures, belief in miasma etc.) AND/OR I would also agree because Medicine in the Middle Ages was poorer than in Ancient Greece. For example … (Discuss limits of Galen, Supernatural beliefs etc.) Conclude by answering the question directly: How far – who was best why????? Paragraph 2 Conclusion DEBATE (8 + 3 Spag)

6. Question 3c ‘Since Roman times religion has hindered medicine.’ How far do you agree? What should my answer look like? Paragraph 1 Explain how it was I would agree because … For example… This hindered because … (Explain issues of supernatural beliefs i.e. Flagellants and the Black Death, How church promoted wrong ideas of Galen etc. ) Explain how it wasn’t I would not fully agree because … For example… This helped because … (Explain how church preserved knowledge of Galen, supported universities, allowed some dissection, role of monastic hospitals etc. ) Conclude How Far did it hinder??? Paragraph 2 Conclusion DEBATE (8) +3 SPAG