1. Look at the following pictures and think about things that must be considered Pre Harvesting of Trees and Post Harvesting of Trees.

3. Areas that are ecologically sensitive and could not recover from harvesting (unsustainable) should not be logged.

5. One Type and age of the tree (is the sustainability of the species threatened?)

7. 2 Slope of land (will the removal of trees cause the soil to erode and pollute waterways?)

9. 3 Type of soil (will the soil have enough nutrients to support re-growth?) not possible in rain forests

11. 4 Climate (is there appropriate amounts of rain and temperatures ranges for the forest to re-grow) (is there a change in the amount of light)

13. 5 Wildlife (are there any endangered or threatened species? Is the wildlife sustainable?)

15. 6 Surroundings (Location) (will it affect nearby ecosystems such as streams and ponds? Does it fragment a larger ecosystem?

16. Post Harvest…

17. 1, 2 Mechanical Preparation – clear away the logging debris (duff and slash) with equipment Slash burning – Removes debris by burning. This is low in cost and good for steep slopes.

19. 3, 4 Herbicides – Controls weeds with chemicals so trees don’t compete for resource. May harm wildlife and remove cover. Planting – Replant with genetically improved seedlings. (most Pa forests will re-seed themselves)

21. 5,6,7 Thinning – remove overcrowded and poorly growing trees Fertilize – Adds nutrients to the soil (usually not necessary) Protection – Protect from fire, disease, and insect pests. This is continuous.