1. World War I 1914-1918 U.S. involvement 1917-1919

2. What Caused WWI? New nationalism from the consolidation of the German and Italian states Russia’s “pan-slavic” union System of European alliances

3. War in Europe Central Powers (Triple Alliance) –Austria-Hungary –Germany –Italy –(eventually Turkey, Bulgaria, and Japan) Allied Powers (Triple Entente) –Britain –France –Russia (and Serbia) –(eventually Greece, Portugal, the U.S. and Italy)

4. Series of events leading to war 1914: assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to Austro-Hungarian throne Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia Russia backed the Serbs Germany supports Austria and attacks Russia and France Britain sides with France, declares war on Germany

5. Archduke Franz Ferdinand, assassinated by Serbian in 1914

6. German War Zone 1915

7. German U-boat

8. U-boats Threatened traditional warfare Britain asserted that it was “uncivilized” warfare Wilson demanded that Germany abandon unrestricted submarine warfare Germany was viewed as seeking “world dominance”

9. Lusitania, British passenger liner sunk in 1915

10. 1,198 died, including 128 Americans

11. British Recruiting Poster WWI

12. America Claims Neutrality –Who opposes neutrality? –U.S. opposed German blockade of Britain but supported the British blockade of Germany –U.S. supplied 40% of war material to the Triple Entente by 1916

13. Wilson fears problems at home if US enters the war Wilson believed a country of immigrants like the U.S. would fracture within “... Lead this people into war, and they’ll forget there ever was such a thing as tolerance...”

14. The Zimmerman Telegram German foreign secretary Arthur Zimmerman sent a telegram to the German minister in Mexico promising that in event of U.S. entering the war, Germany would restore Texas and other territories to Mexico if it declared war on the U.S.

16. The United States Enters the War March 1917, Germany sinks five American vessels off the coast of Britain, killing 66 Americans April 6, 1917 U.S. Congress declares war on Germany

17. American enlistment poster

19. Military Draft Act (Selective Service), 1917 Draft of all young men 2,000,000 volunteered 2,800,000 drafted 350,000 failed to report or claimed conscientious objector

20. Draft Registration Card

21. John J. Pershing Commander of the AEF (American Expeditionary Force)

22. Trench Warfare combatants occupy fighting lines, consisting of trenches in which troops are largely immune to the enemy's small arms fire and are substantially sheltered from artillery. It has become a byword for attrition warfare or stalemate, with a slow wearing down of opposing forces

24. German soldiers in trench

25. Removing dead from trenches

26. 92 nd Division Pershing did not want to commit to trench warfare, but to appease the French and British calls for help, sent the all-Black 92 nd Division. The 92 nd Division spent 191 days in battle, longer than any other American division. Germans leafleted American troops asking why they fought for “Wall Street robbers.”

27. African-American unit WWI

28. US war transports

29. Artillery position showing guns, ammunition shells, sandbags, and lean-tos

30. Learning to use gas masks

31. Field hospital French church

32. ambulance

33. AEF at Chateau-Thierry

34. American anti-aircraft machine gun

35. Burial of French Dead

38. A British Red Cross orderly escorting a wounded, captured German soldier to a field hospital for treatment

39. soldiers

40. Woman Army Recruiter

41. Women Navy Candidates “yeomanettes”

42. War statistics More than four years 8.5 million soldiers dead

43. Before and After