1. GOVT S-1113 Lecture 11

3. Post-communist Transitions Four Main Trajectories: – ECE model  Democratization (with “hiccups”) – Former Yugoslavia/Balkans  Internecine conflict/ political divorce (bloody, for the most part) – Soviet “Slavic core”  neo-authoritarian backsliding – Central Asia  largely demagogic/sultanistic rule

7. Statue of Saparmurat Niyazov (“Turkmenbashi”)

8. Structure and Agency in Post- communist Transitions Structural factors – West – East Intermediate-term legacies – Interwar period Proximate legacies – Different “types” of communism

9. Structure and Agency in Post- communist Transitions Dedication of elites to project of democracy Patience of voting public/ability to tolerate reform Ideational affinity and “peer group” Statesmen and “accidental politicians”

10. Competing Explanations for Collapse of Communism Elite enervation Undermined by popular pressure Broke apart due to institutional and organizational inefficiency Pressure from outside

11. Concurrent Reforms Political Economic Social

12. “Deep” Legacies (aka “structure”) Three historical regions of Europe (Jeno Szucs, 1983) Fault-lines of European politics: -Religion -Political traditions -Economic development level

14. Warsaw Uprising Child Soldier and Mały Powstaniec Statue

20. Anti-Communist Political Posters

21. «Господи! Помоги мне выжить среди этой смертной любви» (Mein Gott, hilf mir, diese tödliche Liebe zu überleben) Dmitri Vrubel