1. Unit 03 - Overview Biological Psychology and Neurotransmission
The Nervous and Endocrine System
Studying the Brain, and Older Brain Structures
The Cerebral Cortex
Brain Hemisphere Organization and the Biology of Consciousness
Behavior Genetics: Predicting Individual Differences
Evolutionary Psychology: Understanding Human Nature

3. Biology, Behavior and Mind
Phrenology (Who?)
Biological psychology
Biopsychosocial systems

4. Neural Communication Neurons
Neuron (Nerve Cells)
Basic unit of the nervous system

5. Neural Communication Neurons
Parts of a Neuron
Cell Body
Dendrite
Axon
Myelin sheath
Multiple sclerosis

6. Neural Communication Neurons

7. Neural Communication Neurons

8. Neural Communication Neurons
Speed of a neuron impulse
Ranges from _______________
Measured in
(_____________________)

9. Neural Communication Neurons
Action potential
Resting potential
Selectively permeable
Depolarizes
Refractory Period
Excitatory versus inhibitory

11. Neural Communication Neurons
Threshold
All or none response

12. Neural Communication How Neurons Communicate
Synapse
Synaptic gap (synaptic cleft)
Neurotransmitters
Reuptake

13. How Neurons Communicate

14. Neural Communication How Neurotransmitters Influence Us
Acetylcholine (AcH)
Dopamine
Serotonin
Norepinephrine
GABA
Glutamate
Endorphins

16. Neural Communication How Neurotransmitters Influence Us How Drugs and Other Chemicals Alter Neurotransmission
Agonist
Antagonists

17. Agonist versus Antagonists

18. Agonist versus Antagonists

20. The Nervous System

21. The Nervous System
Nervous System
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Nerves
Sensory neurons
Motor neurons
Interneurons

22. The Nervous System The Peripheral Nervous System
Somatic Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System
Sympathetic nervous system
Parasympathetic nervous system

24. The Nervous System The Central Nervous System
Brain and spinal cord
Neural networks

25. The Nervous System The Central Nervous System Neural Networks

26. The Nervous System The Central Nervous System
Spinal cord
Reflexes

27. The Nervous System The Central Nervous System Simple Reflex

28. The Endocrine System Endocrine system Hormones Adrenal glands
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
Adrenaline and noradrenaline
Fight or flight response
Pituitary gland

31. The Tools of Discovery: Having Our Heads Examined
Lesion
Electroencephalogram (EEG)

32. The Tools of Discovery: Having Our Heads Examined
CT (Computed Tomography) scan
PET (Positron Emission Tomography) scan
MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
fMRI (Functional MRI)

33. MRI and Schizophrenia

34. Older Brain Structures The Brainstem
Medulla
Pons
Reticular formation

35. Older Brain Structures The Thalamus
All the senses EXCEPT smell

36. Older Brain Structures The Reticular Formation

37. Older Brain Structures The Brainstem

38. Older Brain Structures The Cerebellum
“Little brain”

39. Older Brain Structures The Limbic System
Hippocampus

40. Older Brain Structures The Limbic System: The Amygdala
Aggression and fear

41. Older Brain Structures The Limbic System: The Hypothalamus
Influence on the pituitary gland

42. Older Brain Structures The Limbic System: The Hypothalamus
Reward Centers
Reward deficiency syndrome

43. Brain Structure Review

44. Brain Structure Review

45. Brain Structure Review

47. Structure of the Cortex

48. Introduction
Cerebrum
Cerebral cortex

49. Structure of the Cortex
Glial cells (“glue cells”)
Lobes
Frontal lobes
Parietal lobes
Occipital lobes
Temporal lobes

50. Structure of the Cortex

51. Functions of the Cortex Motor Functions
Motor Cortex
Mapping the Motor Cortex

52. Functions of the Cortex Motor Functions: Brain-Computer Interfaces

53. Functions of the Cortex Sensory Functions
Sensory cortex

54. Functions of the Cortex Association Areas
Frontal lobes
Prefrontal cortex
Phineas Gage
Parietal lobes
Temporal lobes

55. Areas of the Cortex In Four Mammals

56. The Brain’s Plasticity
Brain Damage
Plasticity
Constraint induced therapy
Neurogenesis

58. Our Divided Brain Splitting the Brain
Vogel and Bogen
Corpus-callosum
Split brain
Myers and Gazzaniga

59. Our Divided Brain Splitting the Brain

62. Right-Left Differences in the Intact Brain
Hemispheric Specialization
Perceptual tasks
Language
Sense of self
Handedness

63. The Biology of Consciousness Cognitive Neuroscience

64. The Biology of Consciousness Dual Processing: The Two-Track Mind

65. The Biology of Consciousness Dual Processing: The Two-Track Mind
Visual perception track
Visual action track

67. Genes: Our Code for Life
Behavior geneticist
Heredity versus the environment
Chromosome

68. Genes: Our Code for Life
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
Genes
Active (expressed) vs. inactive
Genome

69. Twin and Adoption Studies
Identical twins (monozygotic)
Fraternal twins (dizygotic)

70. Twin and Adoption Studies Identical Versus Fraternal Twins

71. Twin and Adoption Studies Separated Twins
U of MN studies on identical twins separated at birth
Anecdotal evidence

72. Twin and Adoption Studies Biological Versus Adoptive Relatives
Genetic relatives
Environmental relatives

73. The New Frontier: Molecular Genetics
Molecular behavior genetics
Genetics and diseases

74. Heritability
Heritability
“difference among people”

75. Gene-Environmental Interaction
Genes and experience interact
Evocative interactions
Epigenetics

77. Natural Selection and Adaptation
Evolutionary psychology
Natural selection
Mutation
Adaptation
Fitness

78. Evolutionary Success Helps Explain Similarities
Behaviors that contribute to survival are found throughout cultures

79. Evolutionary Success Helps Explain Similarities Our Genetic Legacy
Genetic traits which helped our ancestor survive may harm us today

80. “the Second Darwinian Revolution”
Evolutionary Success Helps Explain Similarities Evolutionary Psychology Today
“the Second Darwinian Revolution”

81. Studies suggesting men have a stronger tendency towards sex
An Evolutionary Explanation of Human Sexuality Gender Differences in Sexuality
Studies suggesting men have a stronger tendency towards sex

82. Differing preferences in partners
An Evolutionary Explanation of Human Sexuality Natural Selection and Mating Preferences
Differing preferences in partners
Male preferences
Female preferences

83. Reflections on Nature and Nurture
Backward theorizing
Impact of social influence