2. CHAPTER 4 GRAMMAR FOR GROWNUPS ENGLISH FOR CAREERS, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical by Leila R. Smith Presentation design by Barbara Moran English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

3. After completing Chapter 4, you will a p p l y y o u r k n o w l e d g e o f t h e p a r t s o f s p e e c h t o u n d e r s t a n d t h e E n g l i s h p r i n c i p l e s t h a t w i l l h e l p y o u r c a r e e r. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

4. Let’s identify the basic tools of the English “trade,” the parts of speech English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

5. NOUNS name skiing studyingmanagement birthday weektoday English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

6. life deathbirth dependability honestypersistence inch yard computer stationery cup duck pig owl English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

7. NOUNS name singer student executive city home college Common NOUNS begin with lowercase letters. NOUNS tell who/whom or what. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

8. Proper NOUNS name specific and begin with capital letters English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

9. Dr. Baker Mr. Smith Juanita George Washington Business Department Paris Fido Memorial Day Miami White House English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

10. A PRONOUN is a word used as a noun substitute: I me which all some English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

11. A VERB Action verbs -- eat, love, count, run Action verbs -- eat, love, count, run Being (and helping) verbs -- be, am, seem Being (and helping) verbs -- be, am, seem “Possession verbs” -- has, have, had (double as helpers) “Possession verbs” -- has, have, had (double as helpers) English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

12. Now meet adjectives and adverbs Now meet adjectives and adverbs adjectives tell something about a noun or pronoun the four kinds are: pointing, descriptive, articles, limiting I like those expensive, blue shoes because they are comfortable and go with the most outfits. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

13. when Today we must begin work. how Jones proceeded rapidly to work. where Did you see the schedule there ? to what extent The prosecutor did not question him further. Adverbs modify (describe or limit) verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. They add information about English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

14. other words or groups of words. è Coordinating conjunctions join words or groups of words that are equal. We met at the junction of Fifth and Elm Streets. è Subordinating (dependent) conjunctions join words or groups of words that aren’t equal. We studied Chapter 1 many hours because we want a good grammar foundation. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

15. Prepositions join nouns and pronouns to other words in a sentence. Your cat is under the chair. Go through the door. Sit beside me. I’m going to Hawaii. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

16. Prepositions show relationships. See how the preposition changes the relation of “object” (Mr. Lee) to verb (talked): Ellen often talked Mr. Lee. Ellen often talked with Mr. Lee.  Ellen often talked Mr. Lee.  Ellen often talked about Mr. Lee.  Ellen often talked Mr. Lee.  Ellen often talked to Mr. Lee. See how the meaning has changed? English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

17. express strong feelings. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

18. Let’s review! Identify what the words are in the next sentence. Are they NOUNS VERBS CONJUNCTIONS PREPOSITIONS ADJECTIVES ADVERBS PRONOUNS EXCLAMATIONS English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

19. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 The brown puppy is by the bed, and he is chewing furiously on that new toy. The The brown = adjectives puppy puppy = noun is is = verb by by = preposition the the = adjective (article) bed bed = noun

20. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 The brown puppy is by the bed, and he is chewing furiously on that new toy. and and = conjunction he he = pronoun is is = verb chewing chewing = verb furiously furiously = adverb on on = preposition

21. English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 The brown puppy is by the bed, and he is chewing furiously on that new toy. that that = adjective (pointing) new new = adjective (descriptive) toy toy = noun

22. You have advanced your knowledge of the parts of speech to understand the English principles that will help your career. You have advanced your knowledge of the parts of speech to understand the English principles that will help your career. (Exclamation) English for Careers, 9th Edition Business, Professional, and Technical By Leila R. Smith ©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458