1. Do you know what each letter means? See how many you know!

3. D - date ► Tells when the map was made!

4. O - orientation ► Refers to the cardinal directions (N, S, E, W) and is shown by an arrow or compass rose!

5. G - grid ► A set of intersecting lines that provides a way of determining the absolute location of a place!

6. S - scale ► Shows the relationship of map distances to actual distances on the earth’s surface!

7. T - title ► Describes what the map shows!

8. A - author ►I►Identifies the individual or institution that created the map!

9. I - index ► Presents an alphabetical list of places on a map and gives the grid location of each place!

10. L – legend (key) ► Defines the map’s symbols

11. S - source ► Identifies the institution or resource from which the information on the map was compiled!

12. Now do you know what each letter means? See how many you can remember!

13. Globes and Maps ► mapmakers want to present information about Earth accurately  scale or relative size very important ► show’s the relationship of map distances to actual distances on Earth

14. Globes and Maps ► flat maps were easier way to show larger areas  however, there is some distortion ► mapmakers today rely on aerial photos and satellite images to make maps

15. Getting It All On The Map ► Gerardus Mercator (1569)  projection method of mapping Earth on a flat surface  some distortion near poles, but shows direction accurately  Greenland actually only 1/8 size of S. Am, but on wld map appears much larger

16. Getting It All On The Map ► Other projections – Equal-Area, Robinson (most accurate wld map available), etc.

17. Reading Maps ► Parts of a map Legend/Key: Explains symbols or shading on the map N S E W Compass Rose: Cardinal directions Scale Bar: Map distances vs actual distances