1. Sandflies

2. Taxonomic classification
Class: Insecta
Order: Diptera
Phlebotomus spp.in the Old World Lutzomyia spp. (New World )

3. Morphology
Adults - small (less than 5 mm long), slender with piercing mouthparts and long antennae; wing veins are parallel to each other

6. Life cycle

7. Life cycle (stages)
Eggs are laid in dark humid animal burrows, cracks or crevices, or under dead leaves
There are 4 larval instars, the larval stage lasting a total of 4-6 weeks
The pupa requires 10 days for development
LC requires days
Only adult females suck blood
Adult life span 2-3 weeks, eggs/female.

11. Habits
Only female sandflies are blood sucker and they are nocturnal feeders.
They are poor flier and fly in a characteristic hopping, m, not over 200 m.
Prevalent from May to September. Larvae survive through the winter.

12. Sandflies and Diseases
Transmit Leishmania spp. of humans and dogs,
Carrion's disease ( Bartonella bacilliformis ),
Viruses: sandfly fever

13. Control 1. Elimination of breeding grounds
2. Application of insecticides.
3. Personal protection.