1. Search Concepts

2. Search defined….. “The act of seeking out and discovering evidence and/or contraband in the possession of another in a hidden place.”

3. Seizure defined….. “A taking possession of evidence and/or contraband from another against the person’s will.”

4. Court Recognized Searches Search warrants Search incidental to an arrest –premises may be searched for additional suspects if officer has reasonable cause Consensual searches Exigent circumstances searches No exploratory searches

5. Search Warrants Order signed by magistrate commanding a peace officer to search a particular place for particular property.

6. Search Warrants Must establish probable cause for the search Warrant must be executed and returned within 10 days from date of issuance Bound by “knock and notice” requirements

7. Search Incidental to an Arrest For officer safety and to prevent destruction of evidence Contemporaneous with an arrest No search on citation releases

8. Consent Searches Expressed Consent –Given directly orally or in writing –Positive, direct, unequivocal consent Implied Consent –Manifested by signs, actions or inactions, facts, or silence which raise presumption that consent has been given Consent may be withdrawn at anytime

9. Who May Give Consent? Suspect Authorized third person –Spouse –Roommate, live in partner –Co-tenant –Babysitter –House guest

10. Vehicle Searches Pursuant to a lawful search warrant Consensual search Incidental to an arrest Seizure of the vehicle involved in crime Probable cause to believe vehicle contains seizable property

11. Carroll Doctrine Mobility of the vehicle –Easily moved –Evidence could be lost if officer attempts to secure search warrant Probable cause to believe vehicle contains items involved in a crime

12. Extension to Searches FlashlightsBinocularsDogs Aerial surveillance Hidden transmitters

13. Seizure Concepts

14. Seizure of Evidence From a Person ContrabandFingerprints Handwriting and voice samples Body fluids Blood Saliva and fingernail scrapings Hair samples

15. Seizure Guidelines Arm’s reach rule Prevention of swallowing evidence –Reasonable force –Clinched fists and choking Emetic solutions Drunk driving accidents Obtaining fingerprints